Saints’ Lives by Walter of |^" Chátillon me

/

EDITED BY CARSTEN WOLLIN

` TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS

j] 1 $

— —

TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS 27

"MSRP PE

TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS

General Editor Editorial Assistant

Editorial Board

A.G. Rigg, University of Toronto

Anna Burko

C. J. McDonough, University of Toronto Janet Martin, Princeton University

A. B. Scott, Queen's University, Belfast R. J. Tarrant, Harvard University

M. Winterbottom, Corpus Christi College, Oxford

Saints’ Lives by Walter of Chátillon

B RENDAN | Edited from London, British Library, ALEXIS | Ms. Cotton Vespasian D. ix

Edited from Vatican City, THOMAS BECKET | Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana,

MS. Reginensis latinus 344

by CARSTEN WOLLIN

Published for the CENTRE FOR MEDIEVAL STUDIES by the PONTIFICAL INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES Toronto

Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data

Gautier, de Chätillon, fl. 1170-1180 Saints’ lives by Walter of Chätillon: Brendan, Alexis, Thomas Becket

(Toronto medieval Latin texts : ISSN 0082-5050 ; 27)

Text in Latin, with introd. and notes in English.

Lives of Brendan and Alexis edited from London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian D. ix. Thomas Becket edited from Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS. Reginensis latinus 344.

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-88844-477-X

l. Brendan, Saint, the Voyager, ca. 483-577 — Poetry. 2. Alexius, Saint — Poetry. 3. Thomas, à Becket, Saint, 1118- 1170 - Poetry. 4. Christian saints — Biography — Poetry. I. Wollin, Carsten, 1962- . II. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. III. University of Toronto. Centre for Medieval Studies. IV. British Library. Manuscript. Cottonian Vespasian D IX. V. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Manuscript. Reginensis latinus 344.

BX4659.G7G38 2002 871.3 C2001-903707-4

© 2002 by

The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies 59 Queen’s Park Crescent East

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C4

Printed in Canada

PREFACE

The TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS series is published for the Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto, by the Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. The series is intended primarily to provide editions suitable for university courses and curricula, at a price within the range of most students' resources. Many Medieval Latin texts are available only in expensive scholarly editions equipped with full textual apparatus but with little or no annotation for the student; even more are out of print, available only in libraries; many interest- ing texts still remain unedited.

Editions in this series are usually based on one manuscript only, with a minimum of textual apparatus; emendations are normally made only where the text fails to make sense, not in order to restore the author's original version. Editors are required to select their manuscript with great care, choosing one that reflects a textual tradition as little removed from the original as possible, or one that is important for some other reason (such as a local variant of a text, or a widely influential version). Manuscript orthography and syntax are carefully preserved.

The Editorial Board is not merely supervisory: it is respon- sible for reviewing all proposals, for examining all specimens of editors’ work, and for the final reading of all editions sub- mitted for publication; it decides on all matters of editorial policy.

All of the volumes in the series are printed by photo-offset lithography, from camera-ready copy prepared at the Centre for Medieval Studies, using its computer and printing resources.

As General Editor, I would like to thank the Centre for Medieval Studies and its Directors, past and present, for their continuing support and encouragement at all stages in the dev- elopment of the series.

A.G.R.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book has been written in memory of the late Prof. Dr Manfred Sprissler (Bielefeld), who initiated me into Medieval Latin and Neo-Latin studies, and the late Prof. Dr Bernhard Bischoff (Munich), who not only encouraged my edition of the poems by Peter of Blois but also was the first to suggest that the Vita S. Brandani could be the work of Walter of Chätillon. I wish to express my gratitude to Prof. A. George Rigg (Toronto) and Prof. Giovanni Orlandi (Milan) for their reading of the pre- sent edition and for their stimulating and encouraging com- ments. I have also benefitted greatly from the reading and com- ments of Prof. Dr Rita Beyers (Antwerp), PD Dr Thomas A.-P. Klein (Bonn), Mr Carl H. Paussmeyer (Melle), Prof. Dr Fidel Rädle (Göttingen), and the two anonymous readers of the Editorial Board of the Toronto Medieval Latin Texts series.

Finally I would like to express my gratitude to the British Library and the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana for permission to publish the texts edited here.

C.W. October 2001

CONTENTS

Introduction 1 Abbreviations 6 Texts Vita S. Brandani 7 Vita S. Alexii — 49 Vita S. Thome 73 Textual Notes 97

Appendix: Selected Parallels with Walter's Other Works 101

In memory of Bernhard Bischoff and Manfred Sprissler

INTRODUCTION

This volume presents an edition of three poetic Vitae, the lives of saints Brendan (also spelled Brandan), Alexis (Alexius), and Thomas Becket, all written anonymously but here ascribed to Walter of Chátillon. A full critical edition is in preparation for the series Corpus Christianorum, continuatio mediaevalis;! the single-manuscript edition offered here has been prepared to make these texts quickly and easily available to the public and more accessible to students.

Walter of Chatillon (ca 1130-1200) the best-known Latin poet of the twelfth century, is especially famous for his classi- cizing epic on Alexander the Great, the Alexandreis, and his minor rhythmical poems ranging from love-songs to satire.? The ascription of the Vita S. Brandani, Vita S. Alexii, and Vita S. Thome to him is based primarily on a great number of com- mon stylistic features: all three poems have parallels both with one another and with other of Walter's known works. Close stylistic parallels between the rhythmical Vita S. Brandani and the sermon Walter of Chátillon delivered to the uniuersitas of

1 C. Wollin, Galteri de Castellione carmina, |: Vitae sanctorum rhythmicae, CCCM 167 (Turnhout, forthcoming).

2 A monograph on the life and works of Walter of Chátillon remains to be written. For the present, see R. Peiper, Walter von Chátillon (Breslau 1869); M. Manitius, Geschichte der lateinischen Literatur des Mittelalters (Munich 1931) III, 920—36; the introduction to Colker's edition of Alexandreis (see n. 3); and M.K. Lafferty, Walter of Chátillon's Alexandreis (Turnhout 1998).

3 Edited by M.L. Colker, Galteri de Castellione Alexandreis (Padua 1978); K. Strecker, Die Gedichte Walters von Chatillon, Y: Die Lieder Walters von Chatillon in der Handschrift 351 von St Omer (Berlin 1925) and Moralisch- satirische Gedichte Walters von Chatillon (Heidelberg 1929); A. Wilmart, *Poémes de Gautier de Chatillon dans un manuscrit de Charleville,’ Revue Bénédictine 49 (1937) 121-69 and 322-65; F.-J. Worstbrock, ‘Zu Gedichten Walthers von Chatillon und seiner “Schule”, Zeitschrift für deutsches Alter- tum 101 (1972) 200-8; C. Wollin, ‘Das Festgedicht "Si de fonte bibere" für den Glossator Martinus Gosia und seinen Sohn Wilhelm—ein unbekanntes Frühwerk Walters von Chátillon?' Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte Rom. Abt. 119 (2002) in print.

2 Introduction

Bologna ca 1174 (Moralisch-satirische Gedichte 3) were first discovered by the late Bernhard Bischoff. Other evidence, for example the dedication of the Vita S. Brandani to Pope Alex- ander III and the sphragis at the beginning of the Vita S. Thome, where the author hints at his name (‘.G. et .S.’)5 and says that he lives at ‘Far(r)e rus'—probably meaning the region between Fére-en-Tardenois and Chätillon-sur-Marne in Champagne— further points to the likelihood that these works were written by Walter. The evidence for the Vita S. Alexii is not quite as strong, but it is written by the same hand in the same manuscript as the Vita S. Brandani and exhibits numerous common stylistic fea- tures with the other two lives and with Walter's authenticated poems. Space does not permit, in this edition, detailed presen- tation of the parallels and common features, but the forthcom- ing critical edition will take into account all the manuscripts and different versions and will deal extensively with the issues of ascription and sources.

The Vita S. Brandani tells the popular story of the journey of the Irish saint Brendan (ca 485-ca 577) to the islands west of Ireland and his search for Hell and earthly Paradise. Ded- icated to Pope Alexander III ca 1163/64, this poem is a transla- tion of the Anglo-Norman Voyage de Saint Brendan (also in verse), written and revised between 1106 and ca 1125 by the otherwise unknown author Benedeit. Walter uses the prose Navigatio to complete episodes omitted by Benedeit.®

4 His findings, along with further arguments put forth by Giovanni Orlandi, were published after Bischoff's death in 1991: G. Orlandi, ‘San Brendano, Gualtiero di Châtillon, e Bernhard Bischoff," /stituto Lombardo, Rendiconti, Classe di lettere e scienze morali e storiche 128 (1994) 425-40.

5 A.G. Rigg, A History of Anglo-Latin Literature 1066-1422 (Cambridge 1992) pp 345-6, n. 55, suggests that '.G. et S? could stand for Gualterus.

6 On Brendan see G. Burgess and C. Strijbosch, The Legend of St Brendan: A Critical Bibliography (Dublin 2000). For Benedeit's poem see The Anglo- Norman Voyage of St Brendan by Benedeit, ed. E.G. R. Waters (Oxford 1928, repr. Geneva 1974), and Benedeit: The Anglo-Norman Voyage of St Brendan by I. Short and B. Merrilees (Manchester 1979). For the Latin text see Navigatio Sancti Brendani abbatis, ed. C. Selmer (Notre Dame 1959, repr. Dublin 1989).

Introduction 3

The Vita S. Alexii recounts the ascetic life of Alexis, a young Roman patrician who deserts his bride on their wedding night, lives for seventeen years as a beggar in Edessa, then spends another seventeen years, unrecognized, in the house of his father Euphemian. After his death his identity is revealed by his testament, which is read aloud by the papal lector Ethius. Alexis's parents and his bride then express their grief in sever- al long planctus.?

The Vita S. Thome was written around 1172/73, after the murder of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, on 29 December 1170 but before his consecration as a saint on 21 February 1173. The poem is dedicated to a high ecclesiastic, perhaps the archbishop of Reims, William ‘of the White Hands,’ or even Pope Alexander III. Walter makes use of oral and writ- ten accounts by Becket's friends.8

Complete texts of the Vita S. Brandani and Vita S. Alexii are preserved only in British Library MS. Cotton Vespasian D.ix (referred to below as C), on fols 2ra-1Orb and 213ra-218vb respectively.? Originally these folios belonged together, but the two poems were later separated and bound with other manu- scripts into the codex as it is presently constituted. Both poems were written by the same late thirteenth- or early fourteenth- century hand. The Vita S. Brandani has been published twice

7 On the Alexis-legend see Ch. Storey, An Annotated Bibliography and Guide to Alexis Studies (La Vie de Saint Alexis) (Geneva 1987). Walter of Chátillon's source is the prose Vita I (BHL 287), edited by M. Sprissler, Das rhythmische Gedicht ‘Pater deus ingenite' (11. Jh.) und das altfranzósische Alexiuslied (Münster 1966) pp 107-53; there is a newer edition by L.J. Engels, ‘Alexiana Latina medii aevi, III: The Relationship Between the Prose Vitae BHL 286, 287, and 290,' Sacris erudiri 38 (1998/9) 373-441.

8 The contemporary lives of Becket, e.g. by John of Salisbury, Edward Grim, and William Fitz Stephen, were edited by J. C. Robertson, Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 7 vols, Rolls Series 67: 1-7 (London 1875-85, repr. 1965); J.L. O'Reilly, "The Double Martyr- dom of Thomas Becket: Hagiography or History,' Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 7 (1985) 183-247, discusses hagiographical aspects. An excellent biography is F. Barlow's Thomas Becket (London 1986).

9 A Catalogue of the Manuscripts in the Cottonian Library (London 1802) pp 475-6.

4 Introduction

before, in 1872 and 1873,10 but neither of the previous editions was very accurate. A shorter version of the Vita S. Alexii ap- peared in 1840; the longer version is printed here for the first time.!!

The Vita S. Thome has also appeared previously only in shorter versions;!2 the hitherto unprinted version a? of the Vita S. Thome is preserved in two manuscripts, both dated ca 1200: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 344, fols 47rb-50rb (V),!4 and Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodl. 603, fols 35r-43v (B).!5 I follow the text of V which is the most complete, con- taining 141 stanzas. B omits 8 stanzas (nos 17-19, 32, 40, 43, 48, and 69) and has a variant version of stanza 138, but is use- ful for correcting V where the latter is faulty.

I have retained the orthography and readings of the manu- scripts wherever possible, emending (silently) only when the text is clearly corrupt. Words supplied for the sake of sense, as well as words and letters restored where there is manuscript damage, are enclosed in pointed brackets ( ); square brackets

10 Incipit ‘Vana uanis garriat pagina pagana, BHL 1445, WIC 20035; edited by P.F. Moran, Acta Sancti Brendani (Dublin 1872) pp 45-84, and by E. Martin, ‘Lateinische Übersetzung des altfranzösischen Gedichts auf S. Brandan,’ Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum 16 [NF 4] (1873) 289-322. Inc. ‘Multi post Dominice tempus passionis,’ BHL 297, WIC 11383 (5468); the short version (after Leipzig MS. 251, fols 145va-147rc) was edited by H.J. Leyser, ‘Leben des heiligen Alexius,’ Altdeutsche Blätter 2 (1840) 273-8.

12 For example, version f), inc. “Anima carissimi,’ was edited (after London, Grey's Inn, MS. 14 [s. 13], fols 136r-137v) by J. A. Giles, Anecdota Bedae, Lanfranci, et aliorum (London 1851, repr. New York 1967) pp 114-33. Version y, inc. ‘Ante chaos iurgium,’ was edited (after Evreux, MS. 10 [s. 13], fols 83r-92v) by E. du Méril, Poésie populaires latines du moyen-áge (Paris 1847) pp 70-93.

13 Inc. ‘Anima karissimi patris pax et homo,’ BHL 8221/4, WIC 28 (1050, 1284).

14 A detailed description of the manuscript is given by B. Hauréau, ‘Notice sur un manuscrit de la reine Christine à la bibliothèque du Vatican,’ Notices et extraits des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque Nationale 29 (1880) 231—362; A. Wilmart, Codices Reginenses Latini (Vatican City 1945) II, 279-91.

15 See the detailed and meticulous description by A.G. Rigg, ‘Medieval Latin Poetic Anthologies (III), Mediaeval Studies 41 (1979) 468—505 at 488—96.

— —

Introduction 5

[ ] surround words or letters that should be deleted. The dis- tinction between u and v has been preserved, but i/ distinction is disregarded. Punctuation and capitalization of proper names follow modern practice. English chapter headings have been added for the sake of clarity, though the manuscripts give no indication of subdivisions and a new chapter sometimes starts in the middle of a stanza.

The medieval spellings show a number of differences from Classical Latin: c is sometimes added (arcx = arx, michi = mihi), sometimes omitted (cuntis — cunctis, silicet — scilicet), and sometimes stands for sc (cinditur — scinditur, cintille — scintille); -ci- and -ti- are used without distinction; e stands for ae or oe; g is sometimes used in a way that indicates it was pro- nounced as modern j (magor = maior); h may be added (his = is, honus = onus) or omitted (corum = chorum, ortus = hortus); i sometimes replaces y (Sirtis 2 Syrtis); n may be added before gn (expungnabat, mangne, rengno); single consonants occa- sionally replace double ones (stupeis, oprimens); assimilated forms are used (sull- 2 subl-); nuncquam 2 numquam; wltus — uultus. Notes have been added only where there is a danger of confusion.

The three poems employ the 'goliardic' line and stanza: quatrains comprising 7pp + Óp, with a rhyme designated aaaa according to Norberg's method (represented as 47 6/^ain Schaller's system):!6

Uána uánis gárriàt | páginà pagána An interesting feature in the Vita S. Thome, found also in other poems by Walter of Chátillon, is the inclusion of several stan- zas of irregular length, comprising six lines instead of four.

16 D. Norberg, /ntroduction à l'étude de la versification latine médiévale (Stockholm 1958) pp 151-2; D. Schaller, ‘Bauformeln für akzentrhythm- ische Verse und Strophen,’ Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 14 (1979) 9-21.

ABBREVIATIONS

BHL Bibliotheca hagiographica Latina

BL British Library

CCCM Corpus Christianorum, continuatio mediaevalis CCSL Corpus Christianorum, series Latin

CL Classical Latin

ML Medieval Latin

PL Patrologiae cursus completus...series Latina, ed. J.-P. Migne (Paris 1844-64) WIC Initia carminum ac versuum medii aevi posterioris

Latinorum, ed. H. Walther, 2nd ed. (Góttingen 1969)

Benedeit

Isid. Etym.

Materials

Marbod

Navigatio

Otto

Ps.-Cato

The Anglo-Norman Voyage of St Brendan by Benedeit, ed. E.G.R. Waters (Oxford 1928) Isidori Hispalensis episcopi etymologiarum sive originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay, 2 vols (Ox- ford 1911)

Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, ed. J.C. Robertson, 7 vols, Rolls Series 67: 1-7 (London 1875-85, repr. 1965) Marbod of Rennes’ (1035-1123) De lapidibus, ed. J.M. Riddle (Wiesbaden 1977)

Navigatio Sancti Brendani abbatis: From Early Latin Manuscripts, ed. C. Selmer (Notre Dame 1959, repr. Dublin 1989)

Die Sprichwörter und sprichwörtlichen Redens- arten der Römer, ed. A. Otto (Leipzig 1890, repr. Hildesheim 1964)

Dicta Catonis ın Minor Latin Poets, ed. J.W. and A.M. Duff, rev. ed. (Cambridge, Mass. and London 1935); Disticha Catonis, ed. M. Boas (Amsterdam 1952)

Citation of classical texts follows the Oxford Latin Dictionary and/or the Latin Dictionary of C.T. Lewis and C. Short; biblical references are taken from the Colunga-Turrado edition of the Vulgate.

2ra

VITA S. BRANDANI London, BL, MS. Cotton Vespasian D.ix, fols 2ra—10rb

Prologue

Uana uanis garri i garnat pagina pagana, to Alexander

Greges, agros, prelia uox Uirgiliana, Mundi dilectoribus placeant mundana: Alexandri studia pia sint, non uana!

Is per uiam tridui liber in deserto, Corde Deo proximus — azimis referto, Pie sitit seriem, ad quam stilum uerto. Dulcis sitis pia sit uiam hanc experto.

Vsus sese sequitur, ut est ius Nature. Voluptate trahitur mens infecta iure, Iugiter ius siciunt, quibus iura cure, Deo nubit pia mens fraglans tali ture.

Pius ille signifer, cuius iussu scribo, Pio petit refici me ferente cibo. Pietatis cibus est uia, per quam ibo. Set tantillus talia qualiter subibo?

Secretorum seriem, sorte singulari Que Brandanus peregre meruit rimari, Ausus preter ceteros metrice profari, Ausum talem talia possum me mirari.

Ausus talis taliter talia scrutari, Montem bos contamino dignus lapidari: Digne michi uideo dignos indignari, Dum tantillus audeo tantis implicari.

Sed qui me preeligit ad hoc opus uatis, Facit excusabilem rem temeritatis.

1/2 Greges, agros, prelia: the three major poems of Vergil: Eclogae. Georgica. Aeneis. 1/4 Alexandri: the addressee, probably Pope Alexander III; see 170/4, 312/4. 2/1 Cf. Ex 15:22; triduum also refers to the three days before Easter: see 74/2-3. 2/2 Corde Deo proximus: cf. 188/4, Sap 6:20. azimis: allusion to fasting before Easter; cf. | Cor 5:7-8. 2/3 seriem: ‘account,’ i.e. the follow- ing poem; see 5/1. 3/1 Proverbial; cf. Otto 426. 3/2-3 Allusion to Alexan- der's juridical knowledge. 3/4 fraglans: CL fragrans. See Introduction p. 5 on medieval spellings in the texts edited here. 6/ Cf. Hebr 12:20 (Ex 19:12-13).

2rb

11

12

13

14

Vita S. Brandani 7/3-14/4

Suus sum auriculis subula foratis: Suus sum ad omnia debito, non gratis.

Modis hec, ut precipit, rithmicis explano, Hunc in modum transferens rithmo de Romano Scriptum uetus renouo, dum hec noua cano. Sic uetustas precinit scribens de Brandano.

Sic uetustas precinens est exemplar rei: Si falluntur, nescio, derogantes ei.

Scio, cum hoc nesciam, supra posse uehi, Posse plus insolita potestatem Dei./

X : Saint Brendan Ortus in Hybernia flos est puerorum, (Benedeit 19-38,

Puer, uir in puero forma seniorum, Navigatio 1) Puer, annis teneris uir uirtute morum: Decus hoc in pueris | satis est decorum.

Is Brandanus nomine, soboles regalis,

Equo suo generi moribus equalis,

Sic a malis destitit in diebus malis,

Vt stupentes dicerent: ‘Quis hic homo talis?’

Euo iam maturior mente maturescit, Mente mundo dissona decrescendo crescit: Quo plus mundus floruit, ei plus uilescit. Instans sic insistere perstat, nec tepescit.

Perstat mente spernere, uisibus horrere, Manu res repellere, uoce deuouere:

Et ne mora minuat pium hoc feruere, Instat tali tedio fugam adhibere.

Mundum confert ignibus, fragili se cere: Cera cum incendio timet commanere; Et se carnis memorans paleas habere, Procul fit a faculis, ne sit ustus fere.

7/3-4 Ex 21:6: ‘[sc. dominus] perforabitque aurem eius subula: et erit ei servus in saeculum.' 8/2 rransferens rithmo de Romano: ‘translating from the Old- French poem,’ i.e. Benedeit's Voyage de St Brendan. 9/2 derogantes ei: those who disbelieve the fabulous stories of Brendan's voyage. 11/3 diebus malis: cf. Eph 5:16. 13/3 feruere = feruorem. 13/4 fugam: i.e. fuga mundi. 14/ Cf. Pss 21:15, 67:3.

15

16

17

18

2va

20

21

22

Vita S. Brandani 15/1-22/2

Ergo leues passeris emulans uolatus, Passer ipse misticus et pusilli status

Ad montanum euolat statum monachatus, Postmodum de monacho monachis prelatus.

Abbas iam de monacho, mater fit in patre: Patris ei grauitas, amor dignus matre, Patrem matre temperans, | imperabat grate. Sic, qui fratres regitis, patres, imperate!

Erant hii, qui suberant, qui parebant seni, Fratres eui disparis quasi ter milleni, Cum in terra uiuerent, pene non terreni, Meritis emeritis | uiri celo pleni.

Christus eis uiuere, carnis crux amori, Summa uite prosequi placita pastori. Pastor is et pabulum, dux et uia chori: Corum ita ducere decus est ductori./

Gregis ita preuius ille uir electus

Ad superna studia totus est erectus:

Mansit in celestibus adhuc carne tectus,

Vite situ celice celis iam inuectus.

His desire to see

i rouectior cepit nosse uelle Euo ium p p ; rebell the Other World (Quod uix uotum nouerat usui rebe e), (Benedeit 39-70, Adam quid demeruit dulcis pomi felle, Navigatio 1)

Situm iustis debitum et penalis celle;

Adam quem demeruit, ille quis sit ortus,

Orti que delicie, quis sit pio portus;

Reo quis, cum moritur, horror sit obortus, Hic uel hic quo transeat regnans uel absortus.

Horum desiderio feruet indefesse, Non feruorem minui sinit, non deesse.

15/1-3 Cf. Ps 10:2. 16/4 qui fratres regitis, patres: the poem was recited be- fore the high clergy. 18/1 Phil 1:21: ‘Mihi enim vivere Christus est, et mori lucrum’; cf. Vita S. Thome 52/4. 18/3 is = iis/eis. 193-4 Cf. Phil 3:20, Vita S. Thome 48/3-4. 20/3 See Gen 3:22-4. 20/3-4 Brendan wishes to see Paradise (situm iustis debitum) and Hell (situm...penalis celle). 21/4 Hic uel hic: ‘this one or that one.’

10

23

25

26

27

2vb

Vita S. Brandani 22/3-28/4

Orat, carnis oculis possint hec subesse, Orat, ne preueniat mortis hec necesse.

Dum subest deuocio, uotum augmentatur, Votum spes subsequitur, spem res comitatur. Iusto Deus annuit, iuste quod precatur, Se de dignis argui qui non dedignatur. Barinthus and

Spiritu consilii sanctum inspirante, Mariios tell of Hinc Barinthum consulit uirum uite sancte, their travels Huius rei conscium, hec expertum ante, (Benedeit 71-102, Cuius munit monitis uota rei tante. Navigatio 1)

Is cum gradu nomine dignus presidentis, Presidens in nemore monachis trecentis, In unius numerum minuit augmentis Turturis soliuagi legem eligentis.

Insule subsidium nactus hic in mari, Cepit mari moribus constans reluctari. Mernox nomen hominis, cuius pares rari, Cuius fata consequi par est cum beari.

Hinc absistens substitit meliore statu, Transiens ad insulam gratam incolatu: Nam hic aromatico pastus est afflatu, Eden quem florigero sparsit odoratu./

Paradiso proximus locus ille felix Fouit hunc angelico uisu cum loquelis. Hec odorans, audiens, uidens uir fidelis Fit in terris socius celicis et celis.

23/ Cf. Mt 7:7-8, 11 (1 Io 5:14-15). 25/3-4 ‘From the increased numbers he (Barinthus) reduced (them) to the number of one, the one choosing the condition of the solitary turtle-dove.' It seems to refer to Mernoc (26/3). Turturis soliuagi: cf. Isid. Etym. 12.7.60. 26—27/ Benedeit mentions only one island where Mernoc lives; but in the present poem it is not clear whether the island mentioned in 27/2 is identical with the one in st. 26, or there is a second island nearer to the earthly Paradise. 26/1 hic: sc. Mernox. 28/2 "The place delights him (Mernoc) by the presence of the angels and their music’; angelico refers to both uisu and loquelis (i.e. the music of the angels; cf. Benedeit 99-100 [Waters p. 8]).

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

Vita S. Brandani 29/1-36/2 11

Dum sic ouem perditam pastor suus querit (Set non male perditam, que tam bene perit), Vidit, maris inuiis dum se uiis terit,

Que Brandanum docuit, hec qui uota gerit.

Sic Brandanus monitus cursibus duorum, P'endan chooses

Ex hiis : fourteen

i ausum animat cursuum nouorum. companions Hec cum suis contulit optimis suorum: (Benedeit 103—56, Tessera cum decade numerus eorum. Navigatio 2)

Consulit, et consulunt approbantque uota. Feruet ad consortium cohors ea tota: Prompta naue prouehi, pede siue rota, Viis non incognitis, non morosis mota.

Sic feruentes intuens hylaris effectus,

Monet ut in feruidis constans sit affectus.

‘Quo nos’ inquit 'uehimur, pulcher est prouectus: Pulcris in prouectibus turpis est defectus.

Fratres, quem subibimus, labor est supremus: Prece cum ieiuniis eum roboremus!

Preci cum ieiuniis dum hiis insistemus, Quadrageni temporis dies consumemus!

Acta probat exitus, probat hoc poeta. Texit toga poderis filium propheta. Non meatus brauio munerat, set meta; Certa laus ad uesperam datur de dieta.’

Dixit: situm exuunt uite letabunde. Situs eis gemitus atque preces munde. Se ter in ebdomada pascunt infecunde Pastu penitentie uite gemebunde.

Hec protelant hic et hii nisibus anelis, Seni donec astitit angelus de celis,

29/1—2 Cf. Mt 18:12-14 (Lc 15:3-7). pastor: Barinthus. 30/4 Tessera cum decade: a play on numbers, ‘four plus ten.” 33/4 Quadrageni temporis dies = tempus quadraginta dierum. 34/1 Acta probat exitus: cf. Ov. Ep. 2.85, Otto 614. 34/2 Cf. Apoc 1:13. 34/3 Cf. | Cor 9:24. 34/4 Proverbial; cf. Otto 1881, Vita S. Thome 59/4. 36/1 Hec protelant: ‘they continue fasting.’

12

3ra

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

Vita S. Brandani 36/3-44/2

Per quem Deum didicit hiis placatum zelis, Et que uie series et quam plena prelis. /

Gregem statim conuocat, ait conuocatis: ‘Sic est, et sic uolumus, et vos ualeatis! Prior curas peragens uice sit abbatis,

Iubens hic, uos supplices: Caute uos agatis" Preparations for

Ad hec cuntis flentibus, cum premissis exit, REN Contribules preterit, notos non respexit. (Benedeit 157-84, Secum quatuordecim mox ad mare uexit, Navigatio 4) Leuigat abietes, ratem ex hiis texit. Coriatur, ungitur ad cautelam ratis. Escis eam onerat sic preordinatis, Vt per sex ebdomadas sit ad uictum satis. Hora fit: introiit iunctis prenotatis. Portus, unde nauigant, saltus est Brandani, Quem sic sancti gratia uocant Christiani. Portum gurges efficit sinu non immani Defluus de rupibus lateris montani.

The three En preuentis cursibus ratis procedentis, intruding monks Subsecuti socios tres eiusdem gentis, (Benedeit 185—202, Eiulant ex littore manibus protentis: Navigatio 5)

‘Et nos, pater, suscipe! Peccas, si dissentis!

Pater, natos respice — uultibus paternis: Parua sumus sarcina, tantum tres, ut cernis! Non paternus pater es, si nos tuos spernis, Si nos tuos reicis, conferens externis!"

Respicit et suscipit, uoces dando tales: ‘Pares estis aditu, metis inequales. Duos uestrum demetent falces infernales,

Turbida sors tertii: mete sunt uitales.'

. = : : The first voyage Tunc expansis manibus petit a Tonante, (Benedeit 203-64,

Vtsititer prosperum illo prosperante. Navigatio 6)

36/4 prelis: either = proeliis or a form of prelum, “labour.” 39/1 Coriatur: the boat is covered with leather. 41/2 gentis: Brendan's monks. 42/2 Parua sumus sarcina: cf. Ov. Ep. (Her) 3.68. 43/2 metis inequales: meta is ‘the extreme point or limit (of a person's life)” 44/1 a Tonante: ‘from God.’

Vita S. Brandani 44/3-52/2 13

Signo crucis edito retro, circum, ante, Benedicit omnibus motu manus sancte.

45 Uela malum palliant, sinus formant uenti, Eurus ratem prouehens mittit occidenti, Federati gratia flatus et fluenti,

Volent ut uelocius, remis sunt intenti. /

3rb Yam diebus quindecim prospere completis, Eurus fessus siluit, pax fit tibi, Thetis. Pax fit nautis turbida planctus, non quietis, Pax, qua cursus demitur dempto flatu fretis.

47 Pax laborem peperit, labor hic dolorem, Auget labor corporum cordium angorem. Set crux tanta soluitur crucem in minorem, Dum solantem audiunt suum seniorem

48 ‘Non nos’ inquit ‘pregrauet uela non uolare, Velis non uolantibus sic nos laborare! Nec sunt fida flamina, nec est fidum mare: Fidum fedus Deum est fide complacare.'

49 Dum peranni spacium languet sic carina, Sine flatu preside lenta, non festina, Cum deflatis flatibus urgent mala trina: Labor, uictus modicus, uirium ruina.

50 Vere pii, prouide Deo militatis. Vere piis pius est auctor pietatis: Piis hiis tam deuiis, tam contribulatis Terram monstrans, hos ad hanc uentis du(cit ratis.)

51 Terre dum hos admouet spes hic respiran(di), Amouentur proximi pre terrore grandi: Terror latus litoris negans nautis pan(di),

Ad spem solam patulum statim naufragandi.

52 Rupes rupe durior, litoris structura Celsa, scabra, pendula spondet queque dura.

45/1 palliant: ‘cover (with a sail). 46/2 (also 181/4) Thetis: CL Tethys, ‘the sea.’ 47/4 seniorem: ‘abbot.’ 51/3 Terror latus litoris: sc. terror est latus

litoris.

14

53

54

3va

56

57

58

59

60

Vita S. Brandani 52/3-60/2

Nusquam nauis inibi fidens uel secura, Circuit per triduum portum quesitura.

Die forte tertia cessit in tranquillum

Rupis in latibulis portum in pusillum: Portum set non nauium, nauis set portillum. Nauem eo dirigunt, inuehunt in illum.

The uninhabited city (Benedeit 265-80, Navigatio 6)

Eminebat cominus oppidana sedes, Mira muri gloria, mire nitent edes. Sedit nauis, exeunt: huc diuertunt ped(es). Quenam sint, que uiderint, facile non credes!

Muri mirus ambitus totus cristallinus, Quisque lar marmoreus, laris intra sinus Decus est parietum maximo non minus, Gemmis cum sidereis fulgor obrizinus.

Cum hec queque deceant regis maiestatem,

Cum delectent hec et hec fratres et abbatem, Stupentsine ciuibus esse ciuitatem:

Nam nec ibi subditum uident nec primatem.

The stolen goblet

Restant de palacio propalanda quedam.

" à : M s (Benedeit Ab hiis huc intrantibus quid sit gestum, edam: 281-354 Predo preda qualiter factus sit per predam, Navigatio 7)

Raptus morte subita per rapinam fedam.

Sedens senex imperat: ‘Fratres michi cari, Si quid hic est commodi, — pergite scrutari!" Pergunt, rem renunciant dignam nunciari: Victum hic suppetere, gazas cumulari.

Victus promunt plurimum preside mensura. Vetat senex transgredi rigida censura. Vetat, prout creditur, precauens futura,

Ne ius fedent fidei perfida captura.

Agunt Deo gracias, et hic pernoctatur. Set dum nocte dormiunt, furtum perpetratur.

53/3 portillum: diminutive of portus. 55/1 Muri...ambitus: ‘the surrounding wall.’ 55/2 laris intra sinus: ‘in the interior of the house.” 55/4 obrizinus: ‘of fine gold’ or ‘fine as gold’ (2 Par 3:5: auri obrizi). 56/4 subditum: 'sub- ject.” primatem: ‘noble.’ 57/3 Cf. Is 33:1.

61

62

63

3vb

65

66

67

Vita S. Brandani 60/3-67/4

Furem Satan incitat, fit, quod incitatur: Cifum rapit aureum, raptus clam locatur.

O insaciabilis caua mens auari!

Statum tuum nescio satis admirari:

Tibi ‘satis’ nichil est, ‘nimis’ minorari,

Te non trita Tartarus non est sine pari.

Crater non est habitus pari par ex ere: Superat materiam opus in cratere.

Fur post furtum recubans dum uult hoc latere, Senem, quicquid contigit, contigit uidere.

Vidit hec in spiritu uir spiritualis:

Clare uidet lumine mens, quam, Deus, alis. Facto iam quatriduo propalatur calix, Sermo dum ad reduces fit a sene talis:/

‘Nemo quicquam auferat pensu rerum motus, Eris, supellectilis, cibi siue potus!

Et ad hec flens intulit Deo uir deuotus:

‘Si sum mei conscius, fur est michi notus.’

Designatus patulo furtum fur agnouit, Furtum coram omnibus deuouere uouit. Sanctus Patri supplicat: hic flet, hic ignouit, Et ignoscens suplici promit, que prenouit:

‘Fratres,’ inquit ‘reum hunc prece sulleuate! Ruit, ut uidebitis, et prefestinate!’

Ad hec Satan prosilit, clamans: ‘Uir ingrate, Cur me mea proicis ex hereditate?"

Dictis hiis disparuit. Rei cor tabescit, Wltus ei decidit, morbi uis succrescit. Sumpto mox uiatico peruius decessit. Quin decessit peruius, egra nulli spes sit.

60/4 Cifum: CL scyphum, here ‘a cup.’ 61/1 caua mens auari: ‘the hollow

mind of the greedy’; cf. Eccl 5:9. 61/3-4 “To you, "enough" is nothing; “too much" is to be diminished; while you (mens) are not worn out, Hell is not with- out peer (i.e. has its match)’ — 62/1 est habitus: "is considered.’ — 62/2 Superat materiam opus: cf. Ov. Met. 2.5. 63/4 reduces = reliquos, or the returning thief and cup. 64/1 pensu rerum: ‘by the value of things.’ 65/1 patulo: ‘openly.’ 67/3 uiatico: the Eucharist given to the dying. peruius: ‘unhindered, easily.”

15

16

68

69

70

71

72

4ra

74

75

76

Vita S. Brandani 68/1—76/2

Hunc saluti senior solum prenotauit, God provides all necessities

Eis cum inlitore secus prophetauit. (Benedeit 355-76, Tumulatur, remeant, et sors noua fauit. Navigatio 8) Astans naui nuncius hec denunciauit:

'Pastum uobis defero: mentes hilarate! Potum iungo pastui: sumite, seruate!

Quo uos cumque deferet pede sors uel rate, Premet nec periculis set nec egestate.

Fructus hiis laboribus, res succedet spei. Vobis res, quam petitis, nutu cedet Dei. Vobis hic non deerit sors hec, cari mei, Donec ad prouectius uos contingat uehi.’

Cognoscentes nuncium omnes per ignotum Deum pie prosequi, quod uouere, uotum, Vela uentis explicant, Deo cor deuotum, Et hoc cursu transigunt annum pene totum.

The isle of sheep (Benedeit 377—434, Navigatio 9)

Uiam maris inuiaam tamdiu temptatam Portu tandem terminant ita terminatam. Nacto portu nacti sunt terram satis gratam, Grege fecundissimo terram fecundatam./

Grex hic fecundissimus, oues noui moris, Ouium corporibus corporis maioris, Quales ceruas cernimus — Celticis in oris, Omnes albe, nulla est disparis coloris.

Tunc sic pater fratribus: ‘Laudes Deo demus! Diem cene Domini diem hunc habemus,

Pascha post hoc triduum, usque tunc hic stemus. Vnam tantum ouium nobis preparemus.’

Cum hoc solum suppetat, iubet sic audere. Iubet, et fit: inibi biduo stetere.

Die uero sabbati secus se uidere

Senem crine niueum formule sincere.

Salutatis obtulit panes gratos vere, Quorum nix albedini posset inuidere.

69/3 Quo uos cumque: tmesis; cf. 263/2, 75/4 Senem: the Procurator.

77

78

79

80

81

82

4rb

83

Vita S. Brandani 76/3-83/4

Addit: 'Si quid deficit, presto sum suplere.' Panes erant azimi, grates persoluere.

A Brandano dapifer, quis sit loci situs, Quis grex talis ouium, | dixit inquisitus, Loquens breuiloquio, loquens ut inuitus: ‘Est hic locus copiis | satis insignitus.

Erit harum ouium nulla transportata, Nulla pressa frigore, nulla morbo strata. Ad hanc’ inquit ‘insulam (insula uocata) Ite, sic a Deo est res preordinata!

Noctem hanc in insula celebrem ducetis, Cras ad Pasche gloriam missas concinetis, Gestis hiis celeriter inde nauigetis!

Quare sic, nunc nescii, postea scietis!

Locis hiis uos reduces loca mittent illa. Diuertetis alias nauem et uexilla.

Vnde sum, quo prosequor, erit sors tranquilla: Non Caribdis metui uobis sit aut Scilla!

Hiis in locis obuius adero non lente, Adero uiatico cum sufficiente.’

Vecti uentis insulam nacti sunt repente. Sedit nauis, exeunt sene remanente.

ats The great fish ut licuit, rout potuere, Pascha, pro P P (Benedeit 435-80,

Cantibus, uigiliis, missis peregere./ Navigatio 10) Post refectum spiritum corpus refecere, Corpus ut reficerent, ignem accendere.

Humi cibos excoqunt. Cibis iam paratis,

Hic cibandi resident, sedibus moratis,

Nam mouetur insula, se retraxit ratis. Clamant: ‘Pater, adiuua! Subueni iam stratis!

76/4 Panes...azimi: see note to 2/2. 78/1 Erit...transportata: ‘will be brought away’; a misunderstanding of Benedeit 420 (Waters p. 24): ‘Ja ci traite n'ert óeile, which means ‘will be milked'—as in Navigatio 9.43 (Selmer p. 19): ‘Nemo colligit lac de ovibus in hac insula,.... 78/3 insula uocata: "it is only called an island.’ 80/4 Caribdis, Scilla: proverbial; cf. Otto 382, Vita S. Thome 71/1 and 72/1-2. 83/2 ‘They sit down to be fed, (but) their sitting is delayed.’

17

18

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

Vita S. Brandani 84/1-91/4

‘Deus’ inquit 'adiuuet, Deum reclamate! Cibos cito tollite, cicius intrate!

Intrant, set non sine 'uix' et difficultate; Hebent in stuporibus mentes sic turbate.

Stupent humum solidam, rem inanimatam,

Vt uolantem uolucrem iam iam elongatam, Multis miliariis subito sublatam,

Quam per piram denotant nondum exturbatam.

Tunc sic senex: ‘Mea gens, ne rem hanc ign(ores), Belua, non insula, dedit hos terrores.

Vocant matrem piscium piscem hunc doctore(s): Primum est natatile, tales eius mores.

In tam mirabilibus | auctor tam mirorum Miratores allicit operum suorum, Vt, cum plus premineat, sumat plus hono(rum):

Amet plus et timeat talem mens piorum? The paradise of birds

Cum hiis uerbis preterit ratis satis cita, (Benedeit 481—580, Et iam terram conspicit sanctus heremita: Navigatio 11) Hec est a dapifero terra prefinita.

Portum captant cursibus, et factum est ita.

Ratis procul trahitur riui per secreta,

Vt quiescat cicius tuciori meta.

Prius ut promiserat | dapifer propheta, Vices has non asperant flatus neque freta.

Arbor marmor Parium superans candore, Parte ripe cernitur in secretiore,

Lata densans folia, bino sculpta flo(re): Liliorum gloria rose cum rubore.

Stipes stupor nubibus arboris elate,

Ramos ex se sparserat spaciantes la(te),

Longos et innumeros, plenos nouitate,

Auibus nitentibus niuis claritate. /

84/3 non sine uix: ‘not without an “hardly”, i.e. a narrow escape; for similar unusual use of adverbs as nouns see 61/3, 296/2, 310/4. 85/4 piram: "fire.

denotant: ‘they recognize’; cf. 159/1, 183/2, 198/2, 2852/1. exturbatam = extinc- tam (sc. piram). 86/3-4 Gen 1:21. 89/4 Vices: "these places.’ 91/1 stupor:

4va

93

94

95

96

97

98

Vita S. Brandani 92/1-98/4

Dumque stupentsenior et gens senioris Alites et arborem tam mirandi moris, Nouum hoc stupentibus nouat uim stuporis Prore quidam alitum ex hiis astans choris.

Qui dum pulsat aerem remige pennarum, Sonus fit ut dulcium sonus campanarum. Forme decus decorat canor hic alarum, Ornant sese mutuo clarus et preclarum.

Contestatur senior residem ibidem:

"Dic, dic, si sors Dei es, dictis seruans fidem, Qui uos, et quis locus hic, cur uos seruat idem?’ ‘Sumus’ inquit ‘angeli, set non nunc ut pridem.

Sumus cum Lucifero lucidi creati, Cetus quidam subditus eius maiestati. Ei dum paruimus post ausum peccati, Cum ruente ruimus, set non eque strati.

Tumido seruiuimus, set non intumentes, Non peccati complices, non hoc molientes. Hec nos reddit racio stratos et plaudentes: Tali causa taliter sumus hic degentes.

Nos a pena liberat pene rex supremus: Pene set non penitus, regno nam caremus. Has pro regni sedibus sedes possidemus, Paradisus noster est hoc amenum nemus.

Vestri primum exitus annum nunc completis: Adhuc sex complebitis, uos frangendo fretis, Pascha super beluam sexies agetis, Eden post uidebitis, atrium quietis."

‘an object of amazement.’ 92/3-4 ‘A bird standing on the prow apart from these choirs renews the force of amazement (felt by those) marvelling at this strange phenomenon’ (i.e. the birds and miraculous tree of 92/2). Prore: dative, used as locative; cf. 68/4, 308/4. 93/1 pulsat...remige pennarum (remex = remigium): cf. Verg. A. 1.301 (6.19), Ov. Tr. 5.2.26. 93/2 campanarum:

*(church) bells.’

93/4 clarus: sc. canor. preclarum: sc. decus. 94/1 Con-

testatur: contestari ‘to conjure.’ 94/2 sors: ‘chosen one, heir,’ here ‘clergy’; cf. Isid. Erym. 7.12.1-2. 95/1 Lucifero: Is 14:12. 97/3 regni: sc. caelorum;

cf. Mt 4:17 etc.

98/2 Adhuc: here ‘henceforth’; cf. Vita S. Alexii 74/4.

19

20 99

100

101

4vb

102

103

104

105

106

Vita S. Brandani 99/1-106/4

Redit hinc ad arborem alis sulleuatus Ales, uel, si creditur, angelus alatus. Plaudit circa uesperam totus comitatus, Plausibus modificant tales modulatus.

Dignas agunt gratias digne Deitati, Dignis a deicolis quod sunt uisitati, Simili leuamine nuncquam releuati, Nuncquam uultus hominum ante contemplati.

Angelorum aduene laudibus allecti, Collaudantes Dominum cibo sunt refecti./ Dicto completorio substernuntur lecti, Sompnum sumunt: ratis est pro tutela tecti.

Galli cantus tempore surgere cepere, Matutinos concinunt, angeli iuuere. Homines cum angelis | uoces miscuere: Nutu Dei potuit sic se res habere.

ve ix . Preparations for Mane sancto dapifer astitit predictus, en the second year

Lenit hos solaciis et promisso uictus, (Benedeit 581-622, ‘Iustus non est’ inquiens ‘inops derelictus, Navigatio 11) Ruens uel inopia uictus uel amictus.

Festi Sancti Spiritus clausulis finitis, Huc vos uia reuehet, modo quam subitis. Erit binis mensibus requies hic sitis, Copia non deerit: timidi ne sitis"

Uerba post solacii dapifer discedit, Item die tercia solaturus redit. Singulis ebdomadis bis solamen dedit. Senex agit gratias, dicta nec excedit.

Cum fit nautis requies, ratis resarcitur,

Pro uetustis coriis nouis communitur.

Solitis solaciis | dapifer blanditur:

Octo menses protrahunt — uictu, quem largitur.

99/3 comitatus: the group of neutral angels. 100/2 deicolis: ‘the monks.’

101/1 laudibus: ‘hymns.’ 101/3 completorio: ‘compline? — 101/4 ratis...tecti: ‘they are sheltered by their ship’ 102/2 Matutinos: sc. hymnos ‘matins, lauds.’ 103/1 dapifer: ‘steward,’ here Procurator (see 68/4). 104/1 clausulis: ‘chants.’

107

108

109

110

Sra

112

113

114

Vita S. Brandani 107/1-114/4 21

Uale dicto postmodum sese flens absentat, Vie cursum digito signat et ostentat.

Ales item aduolans rati se presentat,

‘Iam uos’ inquit ‘commode mora non retentat.

Ad Albei terminos uobis transportandis

Restat uia longior, uie labor grandis.

Mare spondet aspera, quod nunc, nauta, scandis. Set non Deus deerit, si cor Deo pandis.’

Itur, et in limine uenti sunt secundi, Thardele GAIDQUE (Benedeit 623—780,

Set minaces ilico, demum furibundi. Navigatio 12) Terra uisa cupiunt ratem huc infundi: Set per menses quatuor passi sunt retundi.

Mense sexto proximum hos repellit litus: Saxeusetinuius litoris est situs,

Longos cassat ambitus portus hic quesitus. Die quadragesimo labor est finitus./

Portum agit riuulus, hunc optinuerunt.

Fessos fouet requies, post se foras ferunt; Dumque, quo sit opus, hic simul uecti querunt, Fontes legis disparis duos repererunt.

Is illimis nituit, hunc turbabat limus. Curritur, et nititur esse quisque primus. Senex: ‘Ne tam lubrici simus, si sitimus! Foncium, nos aduene, que sit lex, nescimus.’

Premit dum improuidos prouidus Brandanus, Ecce quidam monachus, euo ueteranus, Sanctus seni suplicat, inicitque manus: Gestu dici poterat ebrius uel uanus.

Signis eum protrahit, ei nil locutus, Stupefecit preuius subsequentem mutus. Dumque gressus dirigunt, dirigunt obtutus Clarum in cenobium. Mutum huc secutus

110/3 portus...quesitus: ‘the haven searched for. 112/1 Cf. Ov. Mer. 3.407. 114/1 Signis: the signs used by monks for communication. eum: sc. Branda- num. 114/3 gressus dirigunt: classical and biblical (ler 10:23 etc.).

22

115

116

117

118

119

120

5rb

121

Vita S. Brandani 115/1-121/4

Cetus patrem sequitur. Eis eo uectis

Loci pater obuiat sibi cum subiectis. Splendent omnes uestibus splendide confectis, Thure, textis crucibus, feretris adiectis.

Splendet in ornatibus, quibus splendent isti, Aurum, quo non clarius, Arabs, effodisti: Auro cari lapides micant intermixti. Summo plausu nititur gens hec nautis sisti.

Dato pacis osculo plebs hec conglobata Intrant, orant pariter; prece perorata, Cena sese recreant: cena satis grata, Panibus, radicibus, aquis fecundata.

Panes nitidissimi, sapide radices,

Quasi manne peragunt in sapore uices. Musto si contenderint, aque sunt uictrices: Pigmentatas crederes aquas has felices.

Post peractas gratias dicto ‘Miserere,’ Nautis hospes innuit, omnes annuere. Preit, exit, exeunt; sedit, consedere. Tunc de loci seriis cepit hos docere.

‘Hic nos’ inquit ‘monachi sumus quater seni, Grex Albei suplicis, senis Deo pleni./ Locum sanctus angelus designauit seni. Anni, postquam transiit, sunt bis quadrageni.

Exul sponte potens hic longa uia fractus, Presens est cenobium Deo duce nactus. Vite post melliflue dulces per attractus Sibi nos confederans, dux est noster factus.

115/4 feretris: 'reliquaries.' 116/2 Arabs: the riches of Arabia were prover- bial; cf. Otto 148. 117/1 Dato pacis osculo: the Regula S. Benedicti 53, ‘De hospitibus suscipiendis,’ prescribes: *occurratur ei a priore... primitus orent... pacis osculum non prius offeratur, nisi oratione praemissa...' (The Rule of St Benedict: The Abingdon Copy, ed. J. Chamberlin, Toronto Medieval Latin Texts 13 [Toronto 1982] p. 57). 118/2 manne...uices: on manna see Ex 16. 118/4 Pigmentatas...aquas: ‘spiced drinks.’ 1194 de loci seriis: ‘about im- portant things concerning this place.’ 121/3 post: ‘later.’ per attractus: ‘by

Vita S. Brandani 122/1-129/2 23

122 Germinante semine, quod in nobis seuit, Cum prouectus seminis in maturum creuit, Carnis carne moriens debitum impleuit: Quem, ut credo, uite mors dedit, dum deleuit.

123 Extunc eius meritis nil hic aduersatur, Nullus hic offenditur, nullus infirmatur. Panis sine baiulo sine cura datur, Singulis nunc integer, nunc dimidiatur.

124 Integer per singulos, cum solempnizatur, Alias dimidius hunc et hunc solatur. Sic, quos nostis, foncium lex cooperatur: Abluit nos turbidus, liquidus potatur.

125 Calet fons turbidior, liquidus frigescit: Hinc est, quod is abluit, sitim is compescit. Mira miris prosequor: et, quod usus nescit, Nostris in lampadibus liquor non decrescit.

126 Horis, quibus surgimus, Deus hec impendit: Per se lampas subito flammam apprehendit, Flamma nil consumitur, nil ad minus tendit, Per se flamma deficit, per se reaccendit.

127 Et nunc nos insolitus hilarat euentus: Sumpsit (panem) duplicem noster nunc conuentus. Credo, Dei gratia duplex est obtentus, Signum uestri meriti simul et aduentus.

128 Nostre nunc fruemini paupertatis rebus, Donec in aquarii signum cedat Phebus. Festo stelle transito paucis cum diebus, Vos sors uestra subtrahet nostris faciebus.’

129 Hinc se posse subtrahi grauiter ferenti Sic Brandano senior: ‘Frenum pone mentti)!

attraction.’ 122/1-2 Cf. Mc 4:26-32. 122/3-4 Cf. Rom 6:6-11. Carnis... debitum impleuit: ‘he died’; cf. 264/1. 122/4 uite = uitae (dative), i.e. eter- nal life. 125/3 Mira miris prosequor: cf. Vita S. Thome 10/1. 125/4 Cf. Mt 25:1-13. 128/2 An astronomical paraphrase for the sign aquarius. 128/3 Festo stelle transito: Epiphany (Mt 2:1-12). 128/4 Cf. Eccli 22:31.

24

5va

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

Vita S. Brandani 129/3-137/2

Obstat sors propositum tale proponenti: Stultum est resistere Deo disponenti!/

Primam spem prosequere! Cor hiis curis ure! Tellus, que te genuit, dabit sepulture.’ Substant; dato tempore ratis processure,

Itur iunctis barbaris conducendi iure.

The intoxicating spring (Benedeit 781—822, Navigatio 13)

Uale facto prodeunt, palliatur malus. Diu uectos suscipit sali densa palus, Flatuum et fluctuum omnis casus malus: Angustantur undique, desperatur salus.

Vite spem ademerant fames, sitis dira, Longus labor, languidus flatus, maris ira: Cum Diuina pietas vere satis mira

Tali talem subito luctum lenit lira.

Astant leto litori, portum intrant letum, Commeatu piscium riuulum repletum: Quorum captis copiis properant ad fletum, Estque fato flebili gaudium deletum.

Triti siti nimia, prohibente sene,

Equo dum plus hauriunt, sunt exhausti pene: Equo quas plus hauserant, aque sunt serene, Set uel uirus inerat uel Lethee uene.

Sopor omnes occupat: illum biduanus, Illum sopor triduo, nulli sensus sanus. Prece quos uix excitans, intulit Brandanus: ‘Fuga cita fugite, locus est profanus"

Circa riuum carpserant, in quo sunt piscati, Herbas salutiferas et saporis grati.

Potum post pestiferum tandem debriati, Herbis hiis et piscibus fugiunt ditati.

: E" Friends revisited Fugiunt, uelificant, Deo portum dante (Benedeit 823-96,

Ouium in insula die cene sancte. Navigatio 15)

129/4 Cf. Prov 16:9. 130/4 barbaris: here instead of barbatis ‘lay brothers,’ i.e. Ailbe's monks (possibly a pun). 131/2 sali densa palus: the sea: cf. Ov. Pont. 2.7.74. 132/4 lira: metonymically ‘joy’; cf. Vita S. Thome 12/4.

134/4 Lethee uene: cf. Verg. A. 6.714.

Vita S. Brandani 137/3-144/4 25

Quos hic structa camera fessos obumbrante Nouat ueste dapifer lauacro purgante.

138 Diem cene celebrant, sequens hic finitur, Transeunte sabbato piscis mox aditur. Ibi quem omiserant, lebes reperitur. Pasche fit celebritas, hinc post sextam itur.

139 Libere pacifice rati sunt admoti, Non ut prius belue modo motu moti./ 5vb Auium ad insulam transeunt deuoti, Notam notant arborem procul hinc remoti.

140 Dulce canunt alites dulci modulatu, In suorum hospitum leti remeatu. Portus patet pristinus cum quieto statu. Famulatur dapifer grato famulatu.

141 Cibis huc aduenerat onerata naue, Eis hiis impendiis gratum defert ‘Aue,’ Addit hec solacia, solans non ignaue: ‘Vos, dum sorti preero, nil grauabit graue.

142 Erit quies placida uobis hic locatis, Festum donec transeat sancte trinitatis. Rediturus abeo, bene ualeatis!’

Substant, tempus sustinent processure ratis.

143 Iam instante tempore, | quo sint hinc delati, Astans vnus alitum loquitur abbati: '[bitis, nunc alibi, nunc hic collocati, Annis quinque taliter huc et huc translati.

144 Die cene quinquies agni uirginalis Tellus uobis ouium erit hospitalis. Fiet super beluam festi laus Paschalis, Cum Albei monachis Domini natalis.’

137/3-4 structa camera: ‘a tent. lauacro: *abath.! 138/1 sequens: sc. dies. 139/1 pacifice rati: the friendly whale lasconius. 139/2 Construe: modo (= nunc) non ut prius motu belue moti. 141/4 dum sorti preero: ‘while I lead your fate’ (see 192/4). 142/2 Festum...trinitatis: the feast of the Holy Trinity. 144/1 Die cene: the day of Christ's Last Supper (Mt 26:17-29 [Mc 14:12-25, Lc 22:7-38]). agni uirginalis: cf. lo 1:29 (Apoc 5:6 etc.).

26

145

146

147

148

6ra

150

151

152

Vita S. Brandani 145/1-152/2

Dixit, et se referens | successori cedit, Nauis onus iterans dapifer succedit.

Diu satisfaciet uictus, quem hiis dedit, Flensque fusis precibus nauigans recedit.

P i à The fight of the artes ad occiduas hinc feruntur uento, sonderpente Vento non ad libitum, languido fluento. (Benedeit 897-968, Dies per ter quindecim pressos cursu lento Navigatio 16)

Plus premente contigit premi detrimento.

Fertur eis obuiam belua marina,

Equans montem corpore, situ serpentina, Vultu iam notabilis, eis iam uicina, Quam uicinam cernere par est cum ruina.

Fedus ardor alitus, et hyatus oris,

Turpe uallum dencium, tonitrus clamoris, Dicere deficio quanti sint terroris, Quantum hiis deficiat choors senioris./

Tunc sic pater fratribus: ‘Sumite solamen: Tritum cito decidet hoc terroris flamen! Est (in Deo fidite!) proximum leuamen! Nos de manu bestie saluet Deus! Amen!’

Dixit, et spem reuocant pene desperati, Fouet spem solaminis dos a Deo dati. Iam lesura belua, | iam admota rati, Nouo marcens obice parcit feritati.

Rugit uox e latere belue maioris,

Plus horrendi corporis, situs seuioris.

Fit congressus hinc et hinc huius et prioris: Sine modo furere modus est furoris.

Vnguibus et dentibus | inuicem ingrati, Alternabant acrius cum inferre pati;

145/1 successori: the Procurator. 148/1 alitus: CL halitus (genitive).

148/2 uallum dencium: a Homeric phrase (e.g. Ilias 4.350) transmitted by Gel. 1.15.3-4 and Apul. Pl. 1.14. 148/4 choors: CL cohors. 152/2 ‘They alter- nated suffering (blows) with inflicting them’; the infinitives are used as nouns in ablative and accusative.

Vita S. Brandani 152/3-159/4 27

Suntque fluxu sanguinis fluctus augmentati. Sonitus ut tonitrus Iouis est irati.

153 Sequens tandem belua preualens priori, In tres partes lacerat iam coactam mori: Sic quieta rediens finem dat furori. Salui naute gratias soluunt Saluatori.

154 In Latini texitur textus exemplari The isle of the three choirs

Hic sortita seriem serii res clari. (lacking in Benedeit, Rem a piis rithmice petor hanc effari, Navigatio 17) Pie piis obsequi non est ociari.

155 Uectus inde senior insulam notauit, Optat eo deuehi, uentus uotis fauit. Eo dum deuehitur, multa prophetauit De loco, de populo, quem hic sors locauit.

156 ‘Illic’ inquit ‘numerus noster minuetur. Numerum is minuet, plaudat et letetur: Felix hic felicium sortem sorcietur!’ Prodeunt, et prospere portus obtinetur.

157 Patet liber aditus, locum grex explorat. Loci planam faciem iuge ver honorat; Et, ut decus expleam, locum quod decorat, Decus, que dedeceat, nulla re laborat.

158 Loco leto placidi fructus applausere Scalte dicti (quid sit id, dicant, qui nouere!):/ 6rb Moles multa fructuum, forma quasi spere, Color nix et purpura, melque sapuere.

159 Turmas tres hic denotant: primus puerorum, Iuuenum est medius, sequens seniorum, Paucis intersticiis chorus preit chorum. Cedunt lac, nix, lilia forme singulorum.

152/4 louis: metonymically ‘the sky.' 154/1-2 ‘In the copy of the Latin text (i.e. Navigatio) at this place a chapter of serious matter (serii res clari) is interwoven (fexitur), having chosen (for itself) its place in the narrative.’ 158/2 On scalta see A. Harvey and J. Power, ‘Hiberno-Latin scaltae,' Ériu 48 (1997) 277-9. 158/3 spere: CL sphaerae. 159/1 Turmas: ‘choirs.’

28 Vita S. Brandani 160/1-167/4

160 Gloriosus glorie cultus sit ut testis: Alba, munda, bissina primos uestit uestis, Vestis uos iacinctina, qui primis subestis, Vitimi dalmaticis nitent ostro textis.

161 Horis diurnalibus, hora uespertina, Horis noctis celebrant cantica diuina, Alternatim concinunt, uox est hiis Latina. Cantus horum terminat hora matutina.

162 Nocte nubes insulam texit totam tota, Lucens, sicud feruidi solis solet rota. Choris fit latibulum nubis lux admota. Sonat sic latencium palam uox deuota.

163 Splendor cum clamoribus finit facto mane, Et tunc agnum immolant gentes insulane. Carne se comunicant tamquam sacro pane, Confitentes fidei sacra Cristiane.

164 Dehinc duo medium sunt egressi chorum: Plenus scaltis cophinus onus est eorum. Cum hiis uerbis onerant nauem monachorum: ‘Sumite de fructibus forcium uirorum!

165 Nostrum nobis reddite nostri ciuem chori, Eius nostra patria finis est labori! Nota mutet exteris, set spe meliori" Iubet fratri senior, paret seniori.

166 Tunc sic senex: ‘Felix es, quem sic sors beauit! Felix, qui te genuit! Felix, que lactauit! Nostri memor ualeas" — 'Vale' resignauit, Et dans suis oscula statum hic firmauit.

167 Fratres dum hinc nauigant, horam circa nonam Iussu senis perferunt scaltas ad annonam. Vnam senex exprimens (nec hoc extra ponam) Succi hinc elicuit unam libram bonam./

160/2-4 The colours of the three choirs are white, blue, and red (purple). Their meaning relies on the exegesis of Ex 25-8; cf. Hier. Ep. 64.18. 160/3 iacinctina: CL hyacinthina.

6va

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

Vita S. Brandani 168/1-175/4

Diuidens per uncias libram manus senis, Suos omnes reficit unciis bis senis.

Bis sex dies transigunt | scaltis duodenis, Tamquam melle faucibus incessanter plenis.

Que predicta mansio, qui uel unde chori, Vt quid hic, an debitum sit hic eis mori, Nec sequenti cognitum lego, nec priori. Hec ad summam legere satis sit lectori.

Hec Romanus preterit, inserit Latinus.

Quod uicissim disserunt dissona plus minus, Certent inde iudices! Transi, nostra pinus, Vehere, qua precipit ille uir diuinus!

Currunt hiis miraculis naute stupefacti, TOR VORNE AIR miraculously fed

Terram e uestigio uident et sunt nacti, (Benedeit 969-1004, Post quietem iterum inquiete tacti: Navigatio 16) Opprimit inopia, uenti sunt abstracti.

Senex instat monitis, Deus suffragatur: Belue pars lacere prope nans spectatur. Locis in hiis inopes copia solatur,

Lignis foco congruis, aqua, que bibatur.

Enatans pars belue senis ad condictum,

Quo tres menses transigant, cedit hiis in uictum. Sic egestas transtulit in fas maledictum.

Sic muniti transeunt nouum ad conflictum.

; ; : NT Griffin versus Dragon Gripes hos insequitur, res prodigialis, p q P g (Benedeit 1005-34,

Tectum pennis animal corporis feralis. Navigatio 19) Rostro quam sit horridum, unguibus et alis, Expressurus reprimor, ad hoc inequalis.

Iam extentis unguibus, uacet ut rapine, Vt carinam transferat onus et carine, Mors uicina resilit opis ui uicine: Draco ratem eruit, gripem dans ruine.

169/2 Vt quid: ‘why.’ 170/1 Romanus: Benedeit's Voyage. Latinus: the Latin Navigatio. 170/3 nostra pinus: ‘our poem.’ 1704 ille uir diuinus: Pope Alexander III; see 1/4. 173/1 ad condictum: ‘at the command.’

174/ Cf. Isid. Etym. 12.2.17. 175/2 onus et carine: the crew of the ship.

29

30

176

177

6vb

178

179

180

181

182

183

Vita S. Brandani 176/1-183/4

Draco minor corpore gripem est aggressus: Sonataer pulsibus, dirus fit congressus, Fert et infert hic et hic, premens et oppressus, Set in prelis preualet serpens indefessus.

Ictibus, fetoribus, | morsibus serpentis Gripes uictus periit, mersus in fluentis./ Draco uictor abiit, pax fit hic detentis.

Suos sic solatus est Deus in lamentis. The congregation of

Dantes Deo gloriam dum feruntur mari, sea-monsters Venerat festiuitas Cephe Deo cari. (Benedeit 1035-66, Festum hoc festiuius instant uenerari, Navigatio 21) Senex cuntis alcius cepit modulari.

Tunc hii: ‘Moderacius, pater, modulare! Speculi perspicui formam fert hoc mare: Pisces hic perspicimus promptos impungnare. Pestem et pestiferos siste suscitare!

Sunt enormes corpore, truculenti uultus. Siste, ne prosiliant tuos ad tumultus" ‘Sic, sic’ inquit 'sapere sapor est incultus: Tumidos non timeo Deo duce fultus.

Tot malorum memores si res retinetis, Deum hiis non defore credere debetis! Psallite sonorius, nichil formidetis!’ Resonant, et resonat circumquaque Thetis.

Mira res: pestiferi pisces, immo fere, Agnis non immicius rati se iunxere. Celebratis laudibus, quibus applausere, Mites ut accesserant, mites recessere.

. The great pillar Procedentes aduene flamine secundo, mr

: . and canopy En columpnam denotant sitam in profundo, (Benedeit Contendentem nubibus equoris de fundo. 1067-1106, Equum est, si maximum ei precium do. Navigatio 22)

176/4 prelis: ‘labours.’ serpens: i.e. draco. 178/2 festiuitas Cephe: the feast of St Peter, 29 June.

Vita S. Brandani 184/1-191/2 31

184 Tota uel iacinctina uel est saphirina, Ornat eius ambitum aurea cortina, Huius oram terminat facies marina. Senis ad imperium meat huc carina.

185 Machine mirabilis intra uelamentum Are stat smaragdine nobile portentum. Sardius sacrarii struit ornamentum, Lapis calcedonius totum pauimentum.

186 Ars, que talem machinam taliter erexit, Ex hac trabes aureas machina prouexit, Berillinas lampades trabibus impressit. Homo si hec condidit, hominem excessit./

7ra Tridui per spacium naute substitere, Missas ibi celebrant, gaudent hec stupere. Ad hec senex: 'Dyasunt hic secreta uere. Mora iam non expedit. Iussit, abiere.

188 De diuina machina cultum ad diuinum Senex inde calicem tulit cristallinum. Ausum hunc non reputes rapere coruinum: Ausum est hoc licite Deo cor uicinum!

189 Multa iam multauerat crux Hybernienses, Multa iam stupuerant per tam multos menses: Sethiis succedencia rite si recenses,

Erras, succedentibus ea si compenses.

190 Inter tot discrimina, tot obiectus ire, Angi cursu poterant, non hunc fastidire; Nec proponunt sistere, neque reuenire, Donec eis suam spem sors det reperire.

191 Vectis inde longius nox incumbit ipsis, u FT (Benedeit

Cum sol nondum occidat, cum non sit eclipsis. 1107-86, Navigatio 23)

184/2 aurea cortina: in Benedeit the pillar is surrounded by a precious tent (1075 paveiluns [Waters p. 57]; Navigatio 22 [Selmer pp 58-61] mentions only a net, chonopeus); cortina designates a curtain or a tent. 188/3 rapere coruinum: “the crow's theft." 188/4 Deo cor uicinum: cf. 2/2, Sap 6:20, Vita S. Thome 127/3. 189/1 ‘Many a torment had afflicted the Irishmen already.’

32

192

193

194

195

196

7rb

197

198

Vita S. Brandani 191/3-198/2

Locus hiis oboritur tamquam de abissis, Locus fedus nebulis fetidis et spissis.

Fetet magis a longe mota quam lacuna. Non hic sol irradiat, non dat lumen luna. Reluctantes inuehit sors huc oportuna: Sors est disposicio Dei, non Fortuna.

Ventus Deo preside uehit eo ratem.

Latet, quid hic lateat, fratres, non abbatem. Fratribus commemorat precum sanctitatem, Precibus ut muniant hanc necessitatem.

Signo crucis omnibus undique munitis, Per hec et hec innuit, quod hic lares Ditis, Quod hic lares lateant turbinis et litis, Ignis, fumi, frigoris, fletus, famis, sitis.

Ve, ue uita sordida sortem hanc sortitis! Sortem quam sors exerit hiis Israelitis, Qua marcescunt anime locis in ignitis, Vbi finis demetit metis infinitis.

Quo uehuntur propius, uident plus lamenti: Stridor ibi dencium luctu cum ingenti,/ Scintillarum grandines, uermes uiolenti, Murmur, terror, tonitrus, comburentes uenti.

Ibi nox palpabilis, loca laruis plena, Morte non marcencium | uermium uenena, Quibus non est trucior leo uel leena.

Ibi desperacio peior omni pena.

Stantes in confinio tenebrosi montis, Tetrum quendam denotant ciuem Acheronti(s);

192/1 mota...lacuna: ‘a turned dunghill,’ proverbial; cf. Sidonius Ep. 3.13.4 etc. 194/2 lares Ditis: cf. Verg. A. 6.269. 194/3-4 Honorius Augustodunen- sis Elucidarium 3.4 (PL 172:1159 C): ‘Duo sunt inferni: superior, et inferior. Superior, infima pars hujus mundi, quz plena est poenis; nam hic exundat nimius zestus, magnum frigus, fames, sitis, varii dolores corporis; et verbera animi, ut timor et verecundia. 195/4 ‘Where the end (the second death of the soul) reaps with unlimited boundaries (i.e. endlessly)'; see note to 220/3-4. 196/2 Stridor...dencium: cf. Mt 8:12 (24:51). 197/2 uermium uenena: cf. Is 66:24 (Mc 9:43).

Vita S. Brandani 198/3-205/4 33

Hunc emisit puteus infernalis fontis, Obstet ut insontibus ira dira sontis.

199 Turpis ille pestifer, turpior peccatis, Astat minax malleo grauis quantitat(is), Et, quos uidet cominus, inuidet renatis, Concipit et parturit opus prauitatis.

200 Resilit, et aduehit laminam ardentem, Et aduectam proicit in inuisam gentem. Set delusit lamina laminam mittentem: Transit hos transiliens aquam in fluentem.

201 Mira lex contrariis est in elementis: Cedit extinguibili uirtus extinguentis, Ardet contra solitum ignis in fluentis, Ac si flammam stupeis foueas fomentis.

202 Terga uertunt aduene sedibus impuris: Tristes huc respiciunt, moti tot pressur(is), Moti tot horroribus, locis tam obscuris, Animarum planctibus, demonum figuris.

203 Est accensus ilico totus locus ille: Fuco fedant aerem fumus et scintille, Eiulant in ignibus ululantes mille. Ventus nautas prouehit, abeunt tranquille.

204 Mane nautis iterum locus est offusus NE m Mire celsitudinis, qualem nesen usus, (Benedeit 1187-1214, Primo non dissimilis, turpis et confusus, Navigatio 24)

Tenebris teterrimis undique perfusus.

205 Eo dum apropiant pulsi ui uentorum, Exilit et deperit unus monachorum. ‘Hec est’ inquit 'ulcio scelerum meorum. Horum mea scelera causa sunt dolorum.'/

198/4 sontis: probably the ciuem Acherontis in line 2. 199/3 renatis: “the bap- tized,’ i.e. the monks. 201/ Honor. Aug. Eluc. 3.4 (PL 172:1159 D): “Prima ignis, qui sic semel accensus est, ut si totum mare influeret, non exstinguere- tur. Cuius ardor sic istum materialem vincit ignem, ut iste pictum ignem,...’ 205/2 unus monachorum: one of the three intruding monks (see st. 43).

7va

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

Vita S. Brandani 206/1-213/4

Seni post hec patuit, quis sit rei finis: Quibus ‘ue’ predixerat, unus est ex binis. Vidit eum gemere locis in uicinis,

Predam factam miseram demonum rapinis.

Cedunt, cedit nubilum: loci uident statum, Fundum uident baratri nusquam terminatum, Cuius liber aditus, hyans os et latum, Ampla nimis mansio, non dans remeatum.

Picem hic cum sulfure uident ebullire, Piceas, sulfureas flammas sursum ire, Ad superna tendere, dehinc resilire.

Mala plura plurimis uident hic seuire.

Vident in periculis modum deperire,

Mala non quiescere, finem non subire, Semper cruces premere, semper eque dire. Cum sic uerba terreant, quid est hec sentire!

. , : Judas Hinc, Brandane, transiens, mare dum scrutaris, (Benedeit Signo crucis singulos armas et armaris. 1215-1498, Locum ad hec conspicis intra sinum maris. Navigatio 25)

Volens, quid sit, noscere, iubes, huc ueharis.

Rupes ibi cernitur, rupis supra pinnam

Nudus quidam sorciens sortem inconcinnam, Culpam dignis planctibus prosequens malignam, Culpam indignissimam, omni planctu dignam.

Nudus ibi residet herens columpnelle, Heret ei firmiter fretum ob rebelle. Panno tectis uultibus hic potatur felle, Felle plus quam felleo fluctus et procelle.

Fluctibus concutitur ante, iuxta, retro, Subtus et superius: pulsu marcet tetro. Vt concludam omnia breui mensa metro, Credo, mallet mortuum ferri se feretro.

206/2 ue: used as noun, ‘mischief.’ 207/4 non dans remeatum: cf. lob 16:23, Verg. A. 6.126-9. 2103 ad hec: "then, 211/1 rupis supra pinnam: *on the highest point of the rock’ (212/1 columpnelle). .211/2 Nudus: sc. cernitur. 212/3 potatur felle: cf. Mt 27:34.

214

215

7vb

216

217

218

219

220

221

Vita S. Brandani 214/1-221/2

Clamat in angustiis: ‘Iesu, fili Dei, lesu, spes solacii, certe fomes spei, Si non licet dicere "Miserere mei,” Est uel saltem michi spes parue requiei!

Iesu, fili Virginis, fomes spei bone,

Quo te sponte perditus insequar sermone?/ Negas, prout merui, digna racione

Me uel frui requie uel remissione.’

Audiens ingemuit senex ad lamenta,

Quo promoto propius mota sunt fluenta. Obligat per celica reum sacramenta,

Dicat, quis sit, ut quid hec patitur tormenta.

Seni fluxo lacrimis, muto pre dolore, Reus refert talia uoce rauciore:

‘Iudas uocor, traditor peior traditore, Qui peccaui tradito mundi Saluatore,

Iesum qui denariis | uendidi tricenis, Agno libans oscula grauida uenenis: Cuius ferens loculos, darem ut egenis, Meis magis institi lucris, immo penis.

Lucri mei gratia iustus est dampnatus, Flagris, spinis, colaphis, sputis deturpatus, Innocens cum impiis morti deputatus, Dum forari pertulit pedes, manus, latus.

Dolui, penitui: set infausto fato

Peius penitentia peccans quam peccato. Fine nunc exterminor nuncquam terminato, Mortis, que non moritur, stratus in grabato.

Set est hoc preludium, quod hic toleratur, Horror hic pro requie michi reputatur.

214/3 Miserere mei: cf. the penitential Psalm 50:3 (Ps 4:2 etc.). 216/4 ut quid: ‘why.’ 217/3-218/2 On the treason of Judas and his famous kiss see Mt 26:14-16, 46-56 (Mc 14:10-11, 43-50; Lc 22:3-6, 47-54; lo 18:2-3). 218/3-4 Judas cared for the alms given to Jesus (lo 12:3-6). 220/1-2 See Mt 12:31-2. 220/3-4 On the eternity of the torments of Hell and the 'sec- ond death’ see Augustine C.D. 13.11.

35

36

222

223

224

Sra

226

227

228

Vita S. Brandani 221/3-228/4

Hic post nonam sabbati ludus michi datur; Die cum Dominica semper terminatur.

Festa matris Uirginis cum plebs ueneratur, Pasce, Sancti Spiritus festum cum nouatur, Et diebus quindecim Iudas sic iocatur, Quibus natalicium Christi celebratur.

Demptis hiis temporibus omne temporale Nulla cum temperie michi fit penale. Penis, quibus punior, punior tam male, Vt nil sit penalius, uel nil sit equale.’

Senex: ‘Dic, preludii uices post presentes Quenam tam penalia uel quo loco temptes, Quamdiu uel qualiter hec uel hec frequentes! Exprimens expressius nil ex hoc retentes!’/

‘Prope locum’ inquit hunc demones sunt siti, Non in loco tamen hoc uisi uel auditi.

Lar hiis duplex subiacet situ cum immiti,

Qui non cessat pessimis pessime reniti.

Lar uterque Stigius. Minus lar crudelis Cruciat, quos cruciat, tot et tantis prelis, Vt se solos estiment reprimi querelis, Hos, quos is non reprimit, refici medelis.

Soli michi misero, soli datur scire,

In quo plus deseuiat, in quo minus ire. Singulos uel hic uel hic iussus est punire: Cogor preter singulos hunc et hunc inire.

Agit aer alterum, alter est in ymis:

Fetens hic et frigidus, ille calens nimis, Habent mare medium ymus et sullimis. Mirum, quod non uritur rogis tam opimis.

222/2 Pasce: CL Pasche. 223/1 omne temporale = omne tempus.

225/3 Lar...duplex: on the two Hells (one in the air, one in the depths) see note to 194/3-4. 226/2 prelis: (from prelum) ‘torments, 226/4 is: sc. lar minus crudelis. 2271/2 plus: sc. irae, 227/3 hic uel hic: sc. lar Stygius. 228/4 Mirum: sc. est. uritur: sc. mare.

Vita S. Brandani 229/1-236/2 37

229 Nox cum die socia mittit me superno, Eque sum in infimo ritu sempiterno. Nullum ad solacium uices sic alterno: Semper eque miserum miserum me cerno.

230 Nox secunde ferie cum dieta tota Me rotandum eleuat in ignita rota. Ventis uolo cicius rota uentis mota: Volans sum et reuolans requie remota.

231 Tercie nox ferie tota cum dieta Me transmittit inferis sitis subtus freta. Hic in ualle demoror crucibus repleta, Quibus non est, nec erit, modus siue meta.

232 Locor hic in lectulo ferro compeditus, Tristes mox experior requiei ritus, Ex acutis stimulis culcitram sortitus, Cum plumbatis rupium onere contritus.

233 Stilis hic, ut cernitis, totus perforatus, Pice quarta feria coquor eleuatus. Ignibus tunc torreor posti coartatus: Totus rubet iugibus flammis inflammatus.

234 Tostus sic diucius igne duplicato, Picis intrans balneum coquor iterato./ 8rb Die quarte ferie nocti sociato Sum subiectus terminus tali predicato.

235 Possethiis defieri rigor adamantis, Posset insolubile flammis solui tantis. Soluere dum nequeunt, qui me cruciant hiis, Cruciantes cruciat tenor tolerantis.

236 Illic pice perlitus, sicud nunc uidetis, Sternor quinta feria scrobis in secretis.

230/1 ferie: ‘day of the week.’ dieta = dies. 232/3 culcitram: ‘blanket, coverlet.’ 233/4 Totus: sc. postis. 234/4 ‘I am the (logical) term subject to such a predicate. 235/1-2 Cf. Marbod De lapid. 28-9 (Riddle p. 36).

235/4 ‘The resistance of the sufferer torments the tormentors.' 236/2 scrobis: either from ML scroba, ae (fem.) or genitive of CL scrobis, is (masc /fem.).

38

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

óva

Vita S. Brandani 236/3-244/2

Arctor hic algoribus et tam indiscretis, Vt,sirursus torrear, uice sit quietis.

Et cum rursus torreor, mallem congelari, Tamquam ad solacium — optans desolari. Sic in uotis dissidens opto, sine pari Supra modum periens, plus periclitari.

Dehinc die Ueneris eleuor a mare. Instant tota demones pelle me nudare, Sale cum fuligine carnem confricare, Et ignitis sudibus totum conculcare.

Iugiter ut iugibus penis seruiatur, Pellis michi iugiter noua reparatur. Vna die decies pellis uellicatur,

Et in sale tociens caro uolutatur.

Tunc in cuprum feruidum feruens plumbum bib(o). Sic me sexta feria Tartaris delibo.

Sic hucusque perii, pereo, peribo.

Restant adhuc alia, que non preteribo.

Intro die sabbati locum tenebrarum.

Hunc si dicam carcerem, credo dici parum. Me, quid locum nominem, faciunt ignarum Fetor ineffabilis et par fex umbrarum.

Cupri potu tumidus, obsitus fetore,

Virus dum non euomo nauseantis ore, Volens et non preualens, tanto sub angore Mallem rumpi milies quam hoc angi more.

Cogor die sabbati sic sabbatizare,

Donec centrum teneat sol in celi lare.

Tunc huc mittor crucibus cruces commutare: Hec et hec et hic et hic cogor perhennare./

Heri post meridiem hunc ad ludum ueni. Iam ad seram demones dement me milleni.

237/3-4 sine...periens: ‘perishing unequalled and beyond all measure.’

238/1 eleuor a mare: Judas departs lower Hell (under the sea) for upper Hell. 240/1 feruens plumbum: the drink of Hell. 240/2 me...Tartaris delibo: ‘I sac- rifice myself to Hell’; cf. Vita S. Thome 11/2. 243/1 sabbatizare: ‘to repose.’

Vita S. Brandani 244/3-251/2 39

Siest(utest utique) posse tanto seni, Vel hac nocte, deprecor, penas meas leni"

245 Senex fletu madidus, condolens dolenti, Causas querit lapidis atque tegumenti. *Dudum' inquit 'dederam tegmen hoc egenti. Munit hic, in inferis nil dat munimenti.

246 Hic obsistit fluctibus, set non ibi penis: Agit sic de sumptibus sumptus alienis. Lapis michi subsidens tantis trito trenis Pons est, quem exstruxeram locis in obscenis.

247 Patuit periculis locus plenus ceni. Pontem hoc de lapide construens subueni.' Dixit, et prosiliunt demones milleni, Arrepturi miserum et minantes seni.

248 Rapitur, protrahitur, obstat fides sancti: Obstat reluctantibus, obstant reluctanti. Vsque mane parcere precipit, negant hii. Adiuratos obligat, cedunt adiuranti.

249 Vsque mane sustinent, set non sine minis: Mine sunt duplicibus | dandum hunc ruinis. Exorzizat senior, hebetantur in hiis.

Mane fit: abripitur. Et hic horum finis.

. : A monk mysteriousl 250 Nautas idem prouehit uentus oportunus. onini

: : disappears

Deo dant per omnia gratiarum munus. (Benedeit Set cum sese numerant, deest ex hiis vnus. 1499-1510, Dubitant, an uigeat, an iam fiat funus. lacking in Navigatio)

251 Senex (credo) celitus inspiratus de re, Murmur sedat, monet hos sibi precauere.

244/3 posse: ‘power.’ 245/2 lapidis: the rock on which Judas is sitting. tegumenti: the cloth that covered him (212/3). 245/3 Judas continues speak- ing. 246/l obsistit: sc. lapis (245/2). 246/2 ‘In this way the money acts (i.e. helps me) which I have taken from other people's wealth (i.e. alms given to Jesus). 250-1/ On this episode in Benedeit Waters remarks (p. CXXI, see also XCVI): ‘The poet appears to have been more concerned with his versi- fication and style than with the coherence of his story; for although (in accor- dance with the Navigatio) he makes one [the third] of the three supernumerary monks [see st. 41-3] remain on the Isle of the Three Choirs [st. 154-70], he

40

252

253

8vb

254

255

256

257

258

Vita S. Brandani 251/3-258/4

‘Sequens’ inquit ‘duos, is cessit, ut cessere.

Cessit is, ut meruit; hii, ut meruere.’ Paul the hermit

Ad hec montem denotant intra sinus ponti, (Benedeit Nauem eo dirigunt, applicant se monti. 1511-1612, Litus erat arduum aditus incompti. Navigatio 26)

Senex tamen aditu subit hunc insonti.

Solus huc ingreditur, hinc et hinc explorat, Sumat ut noticiam rerum, quas ignorat./ Dumque res incognitas noscere laborat, Ecce uir, quem placidus habitus colorat.

Mox Brandanum aduocans nominat expresse; Oscula dans, precipit omnes huc adesse. Salutatis assidet, pandens suum esse,

Que sors eum fecerit locis hiis inesse.

Stupent tam affabiles hominis affatus, Stupent, quod ab eo sit quisque nominatus, Stupent uehemencius tegminis ornatus, Nam pro uestis tegmine pilis est uelatus.

Pilis incanuerat, candens instar niuis. Angelum commemora, uultum scire si uis! Rite si perspiciat gestum uiri quiuis, Dici potest angelus uel celestis ciuis.

Nautas sic alloquitur: ‘O grex cenobita, Ego dicor, ego sum Paulus heremita. Hec a Deo recolo loca prefinita, Tempus omne transigens in quietis uita.

Nutu Dei nemora locis hiis mutaui, Nonaginta situs hic annos consummaui; Deo solo preside transportatus naui, Naue per se reduce statum hunc firmaui.

nevertheless describes later (in accordance with the Anglo-Norman poem) the mysterious disappearance of this monk after the Judas episode...’

252/3-4 aditus incompti: ‘difficult to approach’ (genitive of quality), in con-

trast to aditu...insonti ‘easy to approach.” 256/2 Cf. Act 6:15, Vita S. Alexii 112/4. 257/3 recolo = colo.

Vita S. Brandani 259/1-265/4 41

259 Meis in primordiis sic sors michi fauit: Annos per bis quindecim — luter hic me pauit, Michi pisces attulit, ligna comportauit, Singulis ebdomadis uices triplicauit.

260 Collo que suspenderat, maris purgamenta Focis meis intulit arida sarmenta. Sola trium piscium largitas optenta Pastus atque poculi dedit suplementa.

261 Me post hoc tricennium bestia non uidit, Non est pulsa tedio, michi non inuidit: Set alendum aliter Deus me prouidit, In quo fide preditus nemo frustra fidit.

262 Dat fons indeficiens fontis michi uenam Mire plenitudinis, aquis solis plenam: Sufficit ad prandium, — sufficit ad cenam, Omnem sitis reprimit atque famis penam./

9ra Nichil hic contrarium sencio uel specto, Nil offendit animum, quo me cumque flecto. Sic aduentum iudicis hylaris expecto: Tunc efflabo spiritum — corpore deiecto.

264 Carnis soluens debitum mox resuscitabor: Dignum dignus premium meus sumet labor. Per uiginti sepcies annos hic dilabor Cursu uite labilis, et tunc consummabor.

265 Conuasare laticem, senior, memento, Cedatutinopia copie fluento (Sexaginta foueor annis hoc fomento)! Ite, moras pellite, date uela uento!

259/2 luter: CL lutra ‘otter.’ 259/4 ‘Each week it repeated (the service) three times.' In Benedeit the otter brings fish three days a week; in the Navi- gatio it brings a fish sufficient for three days every third day. 260/1 maris purgamenta: translation of OF marin werec ‘seaweed’ in Benedeit 1577 (Waters p. 81); Walter adopted the rare phrase from Curt. 8.9.19 (9.10.10). 261/1 tricennium: ‘period of thirty years.’ 263/2 quo me cumque: tmesis; cf. 69/3. 263/3 iudicis: Christ. 264/1 Carnis soluens debitum: ‘dying’; cf. 122/3. 264/4 consummabor: ‘I shall be completed’; cf. Io 19:30.

42

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

9rb

273

Vita S. Brandani 266/1-273/2

Hinc ad Eden transies, sedem prothoplasti, Quo iam per septennium cursum destinasti. Setuos uiareuehet prius maris uasti

Ad eum sic obiter, per quem estis pasti.

Preuium sequimini, preuio parete!

Iter uobis prosperum Deus det, ualete!’ Eunt. Obstat nubilum: | itur minus lete. Dies cene Domini dat hunc cursum mete.

The end of the

i j i hale, Cena loco solito, sic et ius Pasc seventh year Sic et Sancti Spiritus fit memoriale: (Benedeit 1613-40, Cuique suum soluitur debitum locale. Navigatio 27)

Totum fit septennium taliter equale.

Tellus dum hiis auium moram dat de more, Soluitur obsequium a procuratore:

Pius ille dapifer sedulo labore

Preparat itineri, que scit opus fore.

Cursum cohors arripit sequens seruientem, Nauem intrant, pariter perarant tridentem. Velum uento panditur, pandunt Deo mentem, Deo naui preside petunt orientem.

The voyagers reach

Quadraginta transito termino dierum

Nil à E a : the earthly Paradise i occurrit cursui discors aut austerum; (Benedeit 1641-72,

Et, ut nautis patuit nouum per nauclerum, Navigatio 28)

Prope sunt misteria futurarum rerum.

Incidunt caliginem, cuius fucus tantus, Quantum non commemorat fabula uel cantus. / Decidit hylaritas, oriuntur planctus,

Set solatur omnia procurator sanctus.

Erat, ut is docuit, fucus tam inuisus Claustrum, quo concluditur uirens paradisus:

266/1 prothoplasti: Adam. 266/4 eum: the Procurator (see st. 68-71 etc.). 268/2 memoriale: the feast of the Holy Trinity. 2702 tridentem: double metonymy, tridens = Neptunus = mare. 271/3 nauclerum: ‘ship’s captain,’ here the Procurator. 273/1—2 Cf. the hortus conclusus (= paradisus) in Cant

4:12.

273/3-4 ‘So that he who wants to reach this garden will be turned

Vita S. Brandani 273/3-279/2 43

Vt hunc ortum appetens fuco sit relisus, Ducat et in deuium huc intrandi nisus.

274 Digna post solacia, | monita post grata A ductore preuio conducendis data, Intrant in caliginem: uia quedam lata Per tres dies teritur, quarto terminata.

275 Densa de caligine cum prodiret prora, The wall of Paradise Fulgidis in finibus finit uie mora. iHenoner 15791700, A : : lacking in Navigatio) Murus hic apparuit petens celsiora, Cui si niuem compares, nix est indecora.

276 Basis mons uicarius sustinens archana Totus est marmoreus; aurum sunt montana. Muri tota machina leuis atque plana De qua sit materia, nescit mens humana.

277 Procul in campestribus maris cedit unda, Muri circumstantia sit ut tota munda. Alas pulsat nubium muri dos iocunda, Gemmis instar siderum placide fecunda.

278 laspis hic fantasmatum uiret in terrorem, Ametistus roseum . innouat ruborem. Hic iacinctus duplicem pandit celi morem, Crisoprassi uariat auri dos uirorem.

279 Hic ius, dyonisia, Bachicum reponis. Hic pantera pugili uires dans leonis.

away by the mist, and so that the attempt to enter will lead him astray.’ 274/2 conducendis: sc. monachis. 275-88 The catalogue of precious stones relies on Apoc 21:18-21, Isid. Etym. 16, and Marbod De lapid. Note that many of the jewels are treated as feminine (sc. gemma); the characteristics noted are based on Marbod or Isidore. 275/2 uie mora: ‘the long time of the journey.’ 276/1 Basis mons uicarius: ‘the mountain acting as the basis.’ 276/3 Scan leuis. 277/3 Alas: ‘edges.’ dos: here ‘quality, virtue’; see 278/4, 280/2, 288/4. 278/1 Jasper dispels harmful visions. 278/2 Ame- thyst is red. 278/3 iacinctus: CL hyacinthus, changes colour according to the sky. 278/4 Crisoprassi: CL chrysopraso, a golden-yellow stone.

279/1 ‘You set aside the liquor of Bacchus.’ dyonisia: CL Dionysias, a black stone that counters drunkenness (Isid.). 279/2 pantera: taken solely from Marbod (de panthero), who says that if you see it at sunrise it confers victory that day; he also mentions the animal panther, which lions fear.

280

281

9va

283

284

Vita S. Brandani 279/3-284/2

Hic smaragdus preuirens, unguem sequen(s) o(nix), Tinniens calcofanus, tricolor sardonix.

Duri calcedonii corpus hic immite,

Dos pedorus dubia, comes margarite, Noctis sol carbunculus, decus Trogodite. Hic elyotropia prolongatrix uite.

Hic, albestos, ignibus non premendis pates. Rubet hic corallius terrens tempestates.

Hic saphiri gloria, sacer hic gagates,

Pangrus uultu multiplex, et magus achat(es)./

Hic, berilli pallidi uiror, lente nites.

Hic prophetes subditus lingue celonites. Hic cum sadda nautica redolens mirrites, Licnis sequax succini, lune silenites.

Hic ideus dactilus pollici cognatus. Hic peantis scrupulus grauidate gratus, Purpurans ceruleum cianea latus, Asterites foris nix, intus stelle status.

Hic enidros effluens fontis in natura, Pupula bellocolus albens cum obscura,

279/3 Onyx has a colour like a fingernail. 279/4 calcofanus: CL chalco- phonus, *bronze-sounding.' 280/2 pedorus: CL paederos, said by Isidore to be of unclassifiable colour (dos...dubia), but second after pearl. 280/3 Car- buncle gleams at night and is found in Libya, the region of the Troglodites. 280/4 elyotropia: CL heliotropia, has medical properties. 281/1 albestos: CL asbestos, cannot be extinguished when it is ignited. 281/2 Coral dispels storms. 281/4 Pangrus: CL panchrus, ‘multicoloured.’ Agate is used by magicians to avert storms and stop rivers. 282/1 Beryl is pale. 282/2 pro- phetes (genitive): refers to lingue. Celonite, placed on the tongue, aids proph- ecy;sc.est. 282/3 sadda: CL sagda, adheres to passing ships. mirrites: CL myrrhites, smells of incense when warm and compressed. 282/4 Licnis: CL lychnis, resists carving, and when used to imprint seals retains part of the wax. sequax succini: ‘following amber,’ i.e. generated like amber? silenites: CL selenites, retains signs of changes of the moon. sequax goes with both licnis and silenites. 283/1 ideus dactilus: CL Idaeus dactylus, shaped like a thumb (Isid.). 283/2 peantis: CL paeanites, helpful in pregnancy. 283/3 cianea: CL cyanea, a dark blue gem. 283/4 Asterites is white; inside it has a starlike light. 284/1 enidros: CL enhydros, a gem that exudes water. 284/2 bello- colus: ‘the eye of Belus’ (Isid. ‘Beli oculus’) is white, enclosing a black pupil

285

286

287

288

289

———

Vita S. Brandani 284/3-289/4 45

Crisolampsis auri nunc, ignis nunc figura, Latebris optallius furis fouens iura.

Hic Medee media crocei sudoris.

Hic murrina soboles estus et humoris, Ferri rapax adamas — cassans uim sculptoris, Par magnetes raptibus roboris minoris.

Hic pirrites tactui minax ui flammarum. Hic echites comodus nidis aquilarum, Gerathites abigens | impetus muscarum, Pigarea cara res generi ferarum.

Hic orytes pelici spes sterilitatis, Emathites uisibus salus hebetatis, Sanguinem corarius sistens desperatis, Non calens gelacia flammis cumulatis.

Carus hic topazius reges ornaturus. Felix hic crisolitus aurum equaturus, Hic cristallum induit aque color purus. Omni dote gemmea nitet ille murus.

; : Paradise Hanc Nature fabricam, | miram hanc structuram (Benedeit Curans digne pandere, uanam geret curam. 1709-1808,

Si, quam sequor, fouet hic ueri ius scripturam, Navigatio 28) Posse, quod hic potuit, mirum est Naturam.

that shines with a golden glow. 284/3 Crisolampsis: CL chrysolampis, is golden by day and fiery at night. 284/4 optallius: Gr. OgBaAuög ‘eye,’ gives clear vision and is thus a thief's friend. 285/1 media: CL Medea, named for the sorceress Medea (*Medea's Medea"), exudes drops of saffron. 285/2 murrina: CL murr(h)inus, myrrhinus, produced from the myrrh-tree in warm damp. 285/3 Adamant attracts iron and resists carving. 285/4 mag- netes: CL magnes, attracts iron but less strongly than adamant. 286/1 pirri- tes: CL pyritis, burns the fingers if it is touched. 286/2 echites: CL aetitis, protects the nests of eagles. 286/3 Gerathites: CL hieracitis, repels flies. 286/4 Pigarea: CL liparea, attractive to wild animals. 287/1 orytes: CL oritis, a contraceptive and an abortifacient. 287/2 Emathites: CL haematites, blood-red in colour. 287/3 corarius: corresponds to Marbod's section de corneolo; according to him, the gem is an astringent. 287/4 gelacia: CL chalazias, remains cold even when next to a fire. 288/2 cristolitus: CL chry- solithos, gleaming golden.

290

291

9vb

292

293

294

295

296

297

Vita S. Brandani 290/1—297/2

Pretermitto pluria, dici que deceret: Inops tot pre copiis stilus meus heret.

Et si non per preuium nautis hoc pateret, Paradisum situm hic situs hic doceret.

Nautis hec stupentibus, nondum nactis portum, Dirum et terribile | quiddam est obortum:/ Ianue uestibulum horrens et distortum Minabatur, inhibens aditum ad ortum.

Hic dracones ructuant ignium furores, Absque ‘fere’ furie feris feriores: Flammeus uersatilis ensis ante fores Pendulus in aere cumulat terrores.

Versa pessum cuspide riguit suspensus, Aeris non modicum spacium dimensus. Riguit in aere taliter extensus,

Ex quo pomi morsibus Deus est offensus.

Nautis ad hec celitus tutor est indultus: Tutor adest iuuenis, cuius decor multus. Hos ad portum inuocat, letos ferens uultus). Fiunt mox ad ianuam resides tumultus.

Crux draconum residet, gladius quiescit, Angelus adueniens gladium compescit. Tutor, qui perterritis obuium se gessit, Salutatis omnibus preuius processit.

Intrant illo preuio locum uoluptatis,

Locum bonis preditum (et non citra ‘satis’): Lignis, solo, saltibus, aquis, aura, pratis, Quibus nichil deerat generositatis.

Ligna fructus decorat, solum sanus situs, Saltus dos uenancium, auium garritus,

290/3 preuium: sc. procuratorem. 290/4 A play on the prosodic difference between hic and hic. 292/2 Absque ‘fere’: ‘without an "almost," i.e. certain- ly. 292/3-4 Cf. Gen 3:24 (Apoc 2:12). 2931 Versa pessum cuspide: cf. Verg. A. 1.81-2. 294/1 tutor: a second guide, obviously not identical with the above-mentioned Procurator (st. 68-71 etc.), but see 309/2. 295/1 Crux draconum: ‘the cruel dragons.’ 296-8/ Cf. the description of the earthly Paradise in Isid. Etym. 14.3.2-4. 296/2 et.. ‘satis’: ‘and more than enough.”

Vita S. Brandani 297/3-304/4 47

Aquas latex liquidus, lacteus, mellitus, Piscium meatibus satis insignitus.

298 Aura leni sibilo tempus nouat uernum: Et, (ut) uerum fatear, ver est hic eternum. Hic pratorum gloria gaudium per ternum (Virens, florens, redolens) habet ius supernum.

299 Odor florum, fructuum, arborum, herbarum, Tagi fluctus induens aurum harenarum, Humi sparsim rutila sidera gemmarum Addunt indicibile ius deliciarum.

300 Non hic asper carduus, rampnus uel urtica, Non infelix lolium pululans cum spica, Arborum uel olerum non stirps inimica: Queque sunt hic consona, | queque sunt aprica./

lOra Non hic estus ingruit, ymber uel tempestas. Fame, siti, frigore, sors, hic non infestas. Adam nisi rueret manus per incestas, Esset horum omnium omnibus potestas.

302 Eden digne pingere uanum est conari: Stillas paucas extraho de tam magno mari. Que, quot, quanta, qualia constat hic seruari, Nemo scit uiuencium, uel hoc sciunt rari.

303 Videns tot delicias hic deliciari, Dum uult hiis morosius abbas immorari, Moras rupit iuuenis ille uultus clari: Montem scandens iubet hunc sibi sociari.

304 Mons cipressis consitus, Libano cognatus, Dum hos simul detinet, stupor subit gratus: Angelorum placidos spectant comitatus, Melos modulancium miri modulatus.

297/1—3 situs, dos, garritus, latex: sc. decorat. 297/3 latex...mellitus: cf. Ex 3:8 (3:17, 13:5, 33:3). 298/2 ver est hic eternum: cf. Ov. Mer. 1.107. 299/2 Tagi: Tagus, a river in Spain (Tajo) famous for its golden sands; cf. Otto 1737. 299/4 indicibile: ‘indescribable.’ 300/ Cf. Verg. Ecl. 5.37-9 (G. 1.151-4). 301/2 sors: vocative. 304/1 Cf. Eccli 24:17 (50:13), Cant 5:15, Ps 36:35.

48

305

306

307

308

309

310

lOrb

311

312

Vita S. Brandani 304/1-312/4

Iubilis mirificis gestus et hympnorum

In aduentu iubilant hospitum nouorum: Multitudo maxima summus decor horum; Hos sortiri socios esset dos regnorum.

Tunc sic seni iuuenis hec et hec stupenti: Quicquid est ulterius, est in excellenti. Estis ad hoc impares corpore detenti, Modum uestrum superat, sitis hiis contenti!

Tecum tuos monachos reduc reuersurus, Caro quod non sustinet, spiritu uisurus! Hec te manent gaudia, refer te securus: Hinc es summo iudici letus occursurus!

Ecce, quam cupieras, gloriam uidisti, Cor et uisum duce me placide pauisti! Hos asporta lapides! Lapides sint isti Signa tot insignium, quibus astitisti!’

Tulit ergo lapides precii beati, Sustinet hic dapifer diem sui fati. Ratem duce iuuene repetunt prefati. Orat nautis prospera, benedicit rati.

Iuuenis post mutuum rediit ‘ualeto.’ Currunt ad Hyberniam naute cursu leto./ Nondum trium mensium termino completo Ad suorum finium ueniunt ‘aueto.’

Suum patris reditus — hilarat conuentum: Hylaratur patria patris ad aduentum. Seriatim exerit, quicquid est obtentum, Multis ex hac serie dans emolumentum.

Complens uite terminum — iste Nazareus, Pius pio transitu factus est Hebreus, Cuius piis meritis nobis parcat Deus! Vigeat et ualeat Alexander meus! Amen.

310/4 ‘they come to greet their country’; see 84/3 and note.

Brendan's return and death (Benedeit 1809-40, Navigatio 29)

311/4 serie: 'ac-

count.” 312/1 Nazareus: Isid. Etym. 10.190: *Nazaraeus, id est sanctus Dei.’ 312/2 Hebreus: Isid. Etym. 7.6.23: ‘Heber transitus.’ 312/4 Alexander: see 1/4.

213ra

VITA S. ALEXII London, BL, MS. Cotton Vespasian D.ix, fols 213ra-218vb

: iss T Prol : Mvlti post Dominice tempus passionis The ip Deaurabant faciem Iouis aut Iunonis, martyrs and Induebant demones — aureis coronis, confessors

Ac si, quibus pereunt, uiuerent patronis.

Ad hoc se contulerant homines insani, Vt auctorem spernerent generis humani, Et, qui forte nominis essent Cristiani, Inimicos ducerent principes Romani.

Cvm iuberent principes, cogerent prefecti, Nec fideles aliqua possent arte flecti, Tenti pro iusticia meruere plecti;

Modo sunt in gloria martires effecti.

Imperabant iudices alium comburi, Illum cedi fustibus, alium securi, Quod optabant maxime martires futuri, Cum secures cernerent, eo plus securi.

O verendi martires et ubique uiri, Qui uix ad martirium poterant preiri: Videbantur etenim nolle se puniri, Sed ferire gladiis magis quam feriri.

Qvamuis adhuc debilis et recenter nata, Expungnabat perfidos fides impungnata. Set quieuit rabies tandem refrenata,

Et refulsit clarior nube sol fugata.

Svccesserunt igitur sancti confessores, Fidei catholice fidi defensores;

Quos ut nec martiribus dixerim minores, Passionis meritum tenuere mores.

1/2-3 Ex 20:23 (Ps 113:12, Ps 134:15, Ex 32): ‘Non facietis deos argenteos, nec deos aureos facietis vobis.’ 7-9 On the respective merits of martyrs and confessors cf. Isid. Etym. 7.11.4, see Dictionnaire de spiritualité 10.1 (1980) 732-7. 7/4 tenuere: ‘attained.’

50

213rb

10

11

12

13

14

15

Vita S. Alexii 8/1-15/2

Demus laudem martiri, demus confessori: Ille magna dignus est, iste non minori, Nam sub nullo iudice timuisset mori, Nec pro fide parceret proprio cruori./

Iste soli deditus anime fomento, Semper in ieiuniis, semper in lamento, Hoc habebat grauius uiuere tormento, Martir autem transiit penas in momento.

Excusentur martires uice confessorum, Non quod plures dixerim quasi pauciorum, Vnum uero detraham numero multorum, Vt ex uno pateat uita singulorum.

Erat homo prepotens, euo ueteranus, eoe etin

Affluens diuiciis, patria Romanus, (Vita 1 1-10) Parentela nobilis, fide Christianus, Si recordor nominis, est Eufemianus.

Possidebat patrio iure res paternas,

Et merentes annuum precium tabernas, Et de domo propria ter millenos vernas: Alios dapiferos, alios pincernas,

Hos et plures alios ad ipsius nutum Promptos ad officium — sibi constitutum, Hos legentes redditus, alios tributum, Quemque cinctum baltheo, sericis indutum.

Tantis posset opibus possidens abuti, Nisi carnis uicium cederet uirtuti. Set indulgens parcius gule seruituti, Prouidebat largius anime saluti.

Nam tres mensas preparans turbe populari, Viduas et aduenas prius aduocari,

9/3 grauius uiuere = grauiorem uitam. 9/4 in momento: cf. Cor 15:52 (Lc 4:5). 10/1-2 Perhaps ‘Let the martyrs be set aside in place of the confes- sors. Not that I would mention more, as though (they were) of a more select number’ (i.e. he will just select one). 11/2 Affluens diuiciis: cf. Ps 61:11. 12/3 de domo propria: ‘belonging to his household.’

Vita S. Alexii 15/3-23/2 51

Hospites in tertia iusserat locari, Ipse post meridiem — suetus epulari.

16 Vxoreius Aglaes sterilis uocata, Et ob hoc a coniuge parcius amata, Causabatur superos, obiurgabat fata, Quod non posset parere, sicut esset nata./

213va Partu flebat Aglaes prius impedito, Ne ueniret gaudium quasi de prescito, Set de partu tociens uotis expetito Post gauderet plenius ipsa cum marito.

18 Summa, fratres, Deitas nobis hic ostendit, Quod ad iusta supplicum uota condescendit. Postulemus igitur, ille nos attendit,

Et si iuste poscimus, uota non offendit!

19 Iam, que flebat sterilis, parit et letatur, Pater agit gratias, puer baptizatur. Igitur Alexius (nam sic uocitatur) Litterarum studiis tener applicatur.

20 Tunc parentes parili uoto censuere A seipsis inuicem prorsus abstinere, Et etatis reliquum celibes manere: Non ingratum Domino munus optulere.

21 Puer autem traditus studio scolari, His youm ang education

Caruit inseculo uita seculari, (Vita 111) Ac, si quemquam nouerat recte conuersari, Vix aut nuncquam alio poterat uersari.

22 Legit puer sedulus, discit a doctore, Nec doctorem debito minuit honore: Doctor est in animo, doctor est in ore, Sic honorem perficit amor cum timore.

23 Nonabsistit uacuus rei pregustate, Set silenter audiens notat ordinate,

17/2 ‘That joy should not come from foreknowledge.” 20/1 parili uoto: cf. Vita S. Thome 29/4.

52

24

213vb

26

27

28

29

30

31

Vita S. Alexii 23/3-31/2

Sapienter cogitat, loquitur ornate, Proficit ingenio, proficit etate.

Lecta semel relegit iterum intente, Relegit in oculis, relegit in mente, Donec paruo temporis | spacio labente Factus est discipulus | doctior docente./

Plus affectu proprio quam doctorum minis Factus est in omnibus plene disciplinis, Multo tamen plenius doctus in diuinis, Litteris Hebraicis, Grecis et Latinis.

Et iam pater intuens filii profectum, Set pudici pectoris nesciens affectum, Sumptuose preparat genialem lectum,

Spem, quam diu traxerat, uocans ad effectum.

Ergo nupta queritur studio parentum, Vt potentum filio filia potentum.

Diem rei terminant breuiter protentum: Dies instat, pontifex agit sacramentum.

Itur ad ecclesiam facta concione,

Hic et hec conueniunt data sponsione; Inponuntursingulis singule corone, Facta manu presulis consecracione.

Redeunt ad epulas sponsus et conuiue. Illa dies agitur omnibus festiue: Gaudens turba ciuium — maritato ciue Festa post misterium celebrat actiue.

Signa dant leticie sonus tympanorum, Lire consonancia, cantus organorum, Symphonia tinniens, et uocale chorum,

Quicquid est cantabile, quicquid est sonorum.

Pater autem sustinens diem pertransire, Filium ad uirginem iubet introire,

The wedding; Alexis leaves his bride (Vita | 12-16)

25/2 plene: ‘fully, wholly’, sc. doctus. 25/3-4 Cf. Isid. Etym. 9.1.3. 30/3 Symphonia: a musical instrument (perhaps a hurdy-gurdy); cf. Isid.

Etym. 3.22.14. chorum: here neuter.

Vita S. Alexii 31/3-37/4 53

Et tunc demum citharas — alcius tinnire, Que clamorem uirginis possent impedire.

32 Tunc ingressus uirgine iuuenis inuenta Pandit illi mistica rerum sacramenta: *Multos perdit' inquiens ‘fragilis iuuenta, Quorum corpus animam trahit ad tormenta!/

214ra Hinc est, quod, ne merear, quod merentur rei, Ibo, donec impleam uoluntatem Dei, Ibo, nec permittitur ocium diei, Ibo, tu remaneas et memento mei!

34 Ethunc' inquit 'anulum baltheique rendam Serues ob memoriam mei protrahendam! Ibo, quo res postulat, uota comprehendam, Alio me tempore clarius ostendam."

35 Sponsus exit thalamum, | sponsa rem mirante Et frigentem lectulum lacrimis rorante; Et parato nauita nauem preparante, Fertur Laodiciam Deo prosperante.

36 Forma Christi corporis erat tunc Edesse, mm Edessa

Quam non opus hominis asserebant esse. (Vita 1 17-18) Rapit huc Alexius iter indefesse, Erogans in pauperum propria necesse.

37 Pretiosis etiam — uestibus exutis Etin usus pauperum large distributis, Cepit uti uilibus atque dissolutis, Vt celaret nobilem forma seruitutis.

33/1 First quod = ut. 33/2 donec impleam uoluntatem Dei: cf. Num 32:12 (Ps 19:5, 2 Thess 1:11). 34/1 baltheique rendam: the Syriac rédida (rdida) originally designated a wedding gown; the word is adopted without explana- tion in the Greek translation, whereas the Latin Vita I $15 tries to explain: ‘et rendam, id est caput baltei, quo cingebatur. —36/1—2 In Edessa there was an image of Christ (the mandylion) in the church dedicated to St Thomas and an image of the Virgin Mary in the church dedicated to her. See E. von Dobschütz, Christusbilder (Leipzig 1899) pp 102-96. 36/4 ‘Spending his own property on the needs of the poor.’ 37/1-2 Cf. Mc 10:21 (Mt 10:38). 37/4 forma seruitutis: cf. Phil 2:7.

54 38

39

40

214rb

42

43

45

Vita S. Alexii 38/1-45/2

Qui mendicos pauerat, ecce cum mendicis Pascitur in atrio Dei genitricis:

Sic a temporalibus fugiens amicis,

Mutat inter miseros habitum felicis.

Atterebant iuuenem — uigili labore Matutini noctibus et diebus hore; Interim Dominicis singulis ex more Digno corpus Domini capiebat ore.

Cum diebus singulis | uillam circuiret, Et ciborum copiam querens inueniret, Pene totum sociis | dabat, cum rediret, Ipse non reficiens, donec esuriret./

Plus quam partem sociis dabat ex inuento, Pane, qui sufficeret, uix sibi retento:

Sic ab omnis abstinens cibi firmamento, Ac si solo uiueret Christi sacramento.

. : His father's servants At parentes, cognito recessisse natum, f search for Alexis

Heri datum nupciis, hodie sublatum, (Vita 119-23) Pari plangunt animo pariter amatum: Pater habens lacrimas, mater ululatum.

Ruens pronus aureo pater a sedili, Mater inter famulas, uxor in cubili, Hec ‘amice’ nominat, hic et illa ‘fili, Feminina femine uoce, uir uirili.

Nupciale gaudium transit in merorem: Plangit hic (ut estimat) iuuenis errorem, Plangit hic Alexium, plangit hic uxorem, Hic amissum patrie tantum defensorem.

Mittit pater nuncios Greciam metiri, Quasque terras incolunt Arabes aut Syri,

39/2 Matutini: sc. hymni ‘matins, lauds.’ hore: ‘canonical hours.’

39/3 Dominicis: sc. diebus, ‘Sundays.’ 39/4 corpus Domini: Alexis lives mainly on the Eucharist (Mt 26:26-8). 41/3 omnis: genitive, referring to cibi. 42/1 cognito recessisse natum: ‘when his parents learned that their son had gone away’; for similar construction see 115/1. 44/1 Cf. 86/4, Iac 4:9.

Vita S. Alexii 45/3-53/2 55

Quodsi terre sileant, freta circuiri, Vt sic saltem filius posset inueniri.

46 Cepto mox itinere prius a uicinis, Errant in terrestribus, errant in marinis. Terra pede curritur, pelago carinis, Claudit orbem cicius quam laborem finis.

47 Multi multa nuncii loca peruagantes, Pars Edessam ueniunt, ubi non uacantes Ipsum, pro quo uenerant, inter mendicantes Data stipe transeunt, nichil suspicantes.

48 Ipse uero prouidus, metuens notari, Cum notasset nuncios, uellet absentari; Set mox, ut se comperit alium putari, Flere cepit oculis, animo letari./

214va ‘Deus,’ inquit ‘omnium pater et creator, Scis, quod esse poteram miles aut senator, Et nunc in me factus est stipis erogator, Cuius eram dominus atque procurator.

50 Unde tibi gratias ago, Iesu Criste, Set, ne cepta deseram, propius assiste, Vt sit ad leticiam michi luctus iste, Cum mercedem proprio reddes agoniste!’

51 Etlegati flebiles uarie dispersi, Peragratis partibus orbis uniuersi, Non inuento iuuene tandem sunt reuersi, Et ad patrem confluunt lacrimis respersi.

. r ; The lament of 52 Quo parentes nunci magis asperati Q p a 9 g p Alexis's parents

(Semper enim fleuerant a recessu nati), and bis bride Impendebant proprie luctus orbitati, (Vita 1 24-5) Non habentes facile consolantem pati.

53 Mater olim cognito flebili rumore Extunc in perpetuo posita merore,

50/4 agoniste: ‘champion,’ here ‘confessor.’ —52/3-4 ‘They set up a wail for their bereavement and had no one who could relieve their grief.’

56

54

55

56

214vb

58

59

60

61

Vita S. Alexii 53/3-61/2

Non cessabat spacio uel vnius hore, Et notari poterat animus in ore.

Confirmabat etiam — supra se decretum, Neque tempus agere neque diem letum, Donec aut inuentio terminaret metum, Aut iactura cercior — innouaret fletum.

Coniux ob absenciam — uiri tam recentis Thalamos excesserat in excessu mentis, Vt perferret auribus timide parentis Verba, que dictauerat animus dolentis.

Querebatur mulier de recessu uiri, Quod et sub silencio poterat sentiri: Dolet quis, in facie potes experiri, Vix de mente faciem faciet mentiri./

ʻO quas’ inquit ‘nupcias, o quam triste fatum, Quam recenter perdidi quam recenter datum! Plange, socrus, pariter, uulnus est cognatum:

Me perdente coniugem, perdidisti natum!

Deducamus utraque proprium dolorem, Et si quando sileas, ego semper plorem! Nulla consolacio releuet uxorem,

Si maritum perdidit, perdat et pudorem!

Hiis fraudata nuptiis, | nuptias omitto, Et ad modum turturis | agere promitto: Que fraudata compari | semel impedito, Non herebit amplius alii marito.’

Iam post annum decimum septimus uergebat, Necdum sanctus operi cepto desistebat,

Set in ipso iugiter atrio degebat,

Vbi propter animam corpus affligebat.

Cumque rem diucius uellet ignorari (O res mira, qualiter cepit indicari!),

Miracles in Edessa (Vita I 26—30)

55/2 in excessu mentis: cf. Ps 30:23 etc. 56/3-4 Cf. Otto 717, Isid. Etym.

11.1.33-5. 61/1 uellet: sc. Alexius.

62

63

215ra

66

67

68

Vita S. Alexii 61/3-68/4

Statua finitimo presidens altari, Secretorum famulo sic est orsa fari:

'Hominem de media plebe mendicorum, Vade, uoca, suscipe comitem sacrorum! Non quod illum deputem numero seruorum, Digniorem silicet choris angelorum"

Agit ille gratias, nec moratus exit, Tunc in omnes atrii partes circumspexit; Videns autem plurimos, minus intellexit, Ad quem specialiter statua direxit.

Mox ad illam rediens, aqua mittebatur,

‘Quem vis,’ inquit ‘obsecro, fac, ut agnoscatur!’ Reddit illa: ‘Talis est, talis adducatur!’

Exit hic in atrium, sanctus aduocatur./

Ita uirum prodidit sculptilis figura, Habens ex miraculo, quod non ex natura; Que nimirum potuit uirum laudatura, Quod non posset (arbitror) aliud dictura.

Iam uocabant homines hominem beatum,

Quem diuina uiderant uoce reuelatum,

Set mirantes maxime, quare tam priuatum, Qui tam digne scanderet celsa dignitatum.

Sanctus autem fidei clipeo munitus, Tamen estin aliquo quasi iam punitus, Vt, qui uolens uenerat, fugeret inuitus, Ne molliret animum laudis appetitus.

i i : Alexis ret Iam de fuga fugiens nauem bis ascendit, eurns to Rome

Inde Laodiciam, dein Tharsum tendit. (Vita 131-7) Set incumbens Aquilo uela deprehendit, Et in portus Latios agere contendit.

61/3 Statua: i.e. the image of the Virgin Mary (see note to 36/1-2).

65/2-4 ‘Having from a miracle what it did not have from nature: when it was about to praise the (holy) man it could do what it could not, I think, do when it was about to say anything else.’ 67/1 fidei clipeo munitus: the arms of faith; cf. Sap 5:18-21, Eph 6: 14-17, Vita S. Thome 18.

57

58

69

70

71

72

215rb

74

75

76

Vita S. Alexii 69/1—76/4

Vrbe procul agnita patriisque muris, Secum cepit agere multa de futuris, Et tunc demum grauibus estuare curis, Quasi pro parentibus sese cognituris.

Set mox ad se rediens, ait in secreto: 'Satis apte contigit, aliud non peto. Forsan et dominico factum sit decreto, Ne grauarem populum more consueto.

Nullus ergo senciat per me detrimentum:

Pater escam prebeat, mater indumentum.

Rome sim, nec minuam nisi res parentum,

Nec me grauem senciat Tharsus aut Tharentum.’

Adhuc loquens filius obuiat parenti, Forte tunc a regia domo reuertenti;

Tunc demisso capite, labio trementi Succlamabat: ‘Domine, benefac egenti!/

Specta, ciuis, aduene genua languentis, Et angorem recrea diues indigentis,

Et in domum propriam tolle, si consentis, Vt me tua saciet mensa de fragments!

Tua me suscipere pietas dignetur,

Vt celeste premium tibi compensetur! Si quem uero diligis, qui peregrinetur, Adhuc in presencia tibi demonstretur.’

Vir audita pauperis prece tam deuota, Cum de dampno filii scintillasset nota, Mox interna uiscerum sedes est commota, Et mens erga filium cepit ire tota.

'Libens' inquit ‘audio, gratiam mereris! Aufer ergo gemitum, tolle, quod uereris! Viuit enim Dominus, uota consequeris,

Qui tam pulcre postulas et tam parua queris.

73/4 Cf. Mt 15:27. 74/4 Adhuc: here with future sense ‘henceforth’: cf. Vita S. Brandani 98/2. 75/1 Vir: logical subject of the stanza. 75/2 scintillasset nota: "when the sign of the loss of his son had sparkled.' 75/3 Cf. Gen 43:30 etc.

76/3 Viuit enim Dominus: a biblical phrase of confirmation (1 Sam 19:6 etc.).

Vita S. Alexii 77/1-84/2 59

77 Et nunc si quis preferat animi uirtutem, Vt non egre suppleat egri seruitutem, Testor (et non peiero) Cesarum salutem, Quod de seruo liberum tali pacto mutem.

78 Nullus autem pauperi moueat rancorem, Set quem michi redderet, ferat huic honorem! Cuius si quem nouero rei presumptorem, Proprium malicia feriet auctorem"

79 Inde uocans uernulam rei deputatum, Iussit in uestibulo fieri grabatum, Quippe non intelligens tam subtile fatum: Se pro nati nomine suscepisse natum.

. . aiedch 80 Iam cum patre habitat filius secure, exis hvas unrecognized in

Non requirens amplius de paterno iure, his fahari house Temporalis adeo paciens iacture, (Vita 138-42) Vt uix carni debitum redderet Nature. /

215va Cum fecissent tenebre terminum diei, Stabant serui principum coram seruo Dei, Et iniquis plausibus illudentes ei, Collo dabant alapas, sputa faciei.

82 Cum pateret innocens omnium cachinno, Prensus ab auricula, tractus a cincinno, Vultu tamen hilari semper et benigno Precabatur ueniam cetui maligno.

83 Munerabat impios | uenia peccati, Sciens, a quo spiritu forent incitati, Pie negans reddere uicem prauitati, Set clementer agere — grauiterque pati.

Alexis's testament

84 Rursus ann i i o septimo decimum sequente (Vita 143-4)

Adhuc erat filius ita cum parente,

77/3 Cf. Vita S. Thome 123/2. 78/3 presumptorem: ‘law-breaker, evil-doer.’ 78/4 Proverbial; cf. Otto 170, 1566, 1750. 80/4 debitum... Nature: food and drink. 81/3-4 The description is modeled on the flagellation of Jesus (Mt 26:67 [Mt 27:27-31, Mc 14:65, Io 19:1-3]). 82/3-4 Cf. Lc 23:34. 83/ On repaying ill with good see Lc 6:27- 8.

IK OG CES

85

86

87

88

215vb

90

91

92

Vita S. Alexii 84/3-92/2

Prouidus improuido, sciens nesciente, Nec ab uno cognitus sibi seruiente.

Iam senescens capite canis dealbato,

Iam defectis artubus — iacens in grabato, ‘Ades!’ inquit uernule sibi deputato, Thomum carte postulat; paret hic mandato.

Cepit ergo scribere, quid ubique gestum, Quid successit prospere, siue quid molestum, Signans, ex quo tempore, fugiens incestum, In merorem uerterat nupciale festum.

Quid uxori tradidit intraturus freta, Vel que cum parentibus habuit secreta, Ibi totum posuit ab utraque meta, Tanto rerum pondere pellis est impleta.

. 3 , A voice from Die quadam celebri post communionem, H eaven

Cum probati Dominus militis agonem (Vita 145-51) Vellet ad mortalium ferre nocionem, Vox audita terruit plebis concionem./

Sonus a Dominico prodiens altari

In auditu publico cepit exaltari,

‘Qui laborat,’ inquiens ‘vnde uult sanari, Assit, et replebitur cibo salutari!

Ad hec turba corruit metu dissoluta, Et orabat ueniam terre prouoluta, Donec uoce numinis iterum locuta Est misericordiam Dei consecuta.

*Carus' inquit 'Domino cito uir queratur, Vt per ipsum populo salus augeatur! Sola nam parasceues dies expectatur, Cum fidelis anima celis inferatur.’

Ad hec omnes exeunt modicum letati, Nam querentes hominem uoto sunt fraudati.

85/4 Thomum carte: ‘a leaf of parchment.’ 86/4 Cf. 44/1, lac. 4:9. 87/4 pellis = carta ‘parchment.’ 88/4 Cf. Mc 1:11 (Mt 3:17). 89/3-4 Cf. Mt 11:28. 91/3 parasceues: here ‘Good Friday’ (see Mc 15:42 [Mt 27:62].

Vita S. Alexii 92/3-100/2 61

Rursus in parasceuen omnes congregati, Repetunt noticiam uiri tam probati.

Si War te The search for the 93 Dum gementes aggerant uota Christiani, mua ol God

Ecce facta denuo uox ab antro fani: (Vita 1 52-5) ‘Virum quem uos queritis, ait ‘ʻo Romani, Latet intra porticus iam Eufemiani.’

94 Tunc eidem populus cepit acclamare, Quasi pridem congnita nollet indicare. Ille contra proloqui cepit et iurare Se, quod illi quererent, prorsus ignorare.

95 Nec non et clientibus ad se conuocatis, Querit a minoribus, querit a prelatis, Si quem tante nouerint esse potestatis, Cui tam digne congruat fama sanctitatis.

96 Dicunt omnes pariter penitus nesciri; Set econtra principes nobilesque uiri ‘Non cessabit inquiunt ‘tanta res inquiri,

Set nos ipsi uadimus illud experiri." /

; They search in 216ra Ille regum celerem presciens aduentum, RER

Ibat cum multiplici numero clientum Euphemian Exibere domui cultus incrementum, (Vita 1 56-61) Ne turbaret feditas oculos potentum.

98 O quam fallunt sepius hominem futura! Nulla dies homini satis est secura: Sperabatur requies, ecce maior cura,

At precessit gaudium, sequitur iactura!

99 Aduentabant principes, populus fremebat, Querebatur filius, pater nesciebat. Ecce quam solemniter funus accedebat: Necdum plausus aberant, nisi mors premebat.

100 Mirabatur Aglaes populi tumultum, Et maiorem solito domus esse cultum;

93/3 Cf. lo 18:4, Vita S. Thome 98/4. 94/1 eidem: i.e. Euphemian, as in the following stanzas. 98/4 Cf. Prov 14:13. Ar: CL ac. .99/3-4 ‘How solemn- ly he approaches the body: there would have been applause, had death not restrained it.’

62

101

102

103

104

216rb

106

107

108

Vita S. Alexii 100/3-108/2

Et tunc demum flebilem denudata uultum, Est egressa, suspicans aliquid occultum.

Nurus olim querula, flens amisso pari, Septa cernens atria cultu non uulgari, Iam notabat aliquid maius expectari, Et hac cepit famulos uoce sciscitari:

‘Quales,’ inquit obsecro, strepitus mouetis? Feruet enim motibus domus insuetis,

Nitet in solempnibus atrium tapetis,

Et uos miror agere, quanta non soletis.'

‘Vox de celis’ inquiunt ‘nuper est audita: Queri, per quem populo salus est quesita, Virum clarum meritis et morali uita, Et qui pace Lacium — firmet infinita.’

Ecce scandit atium domus altioris

Papa septus ordine uite sanctioris. Multitudo cetera turbe uilioris,

Cum intrassent nobiles, est exclusa foris./

Iam silere populum iusserat senatus,

Vt fideles agerent — tacitos precatus,

Cum minister pauperi quondam deputatus Se presentat domino, sponte, non rogatus.

'Reor, inquit ‘domine, (tamen est incertum) Quod a uobis queritur, a me iam repertum: Pacienter hominem quidlibet expertum, Quem placere Domino satis est apertum.

Peregrino pauperi soleo seruire,

In quo seruum Domini potes inuenire, Et hunc esse suspicor (an sit, experire!), De quo uerbum Domini debeat exire!

Corpus in uigiliis cruciat austerum, Protrahit ieiunia singulis dierum,

101/1 amisso pari: ‘as she has lost her partner/husband.' 103/1 Vox de celis: cf. Mt 3:17. 104/2 ordine: ‘clergy.’ | 106/3-4 Construe: ‘hominem, quidlibet pacienter expertum, quem....'

Vita S. Alexii 108/3-115/4 63

Sumit in Dominica corpus Christi uerum, Et sinceris exhibet sese uas sincerum.

109 Probrasi quis ingerit, sustinet illata, Benedicit impios uice non relata, Vt nec illud indicet facies mutata, Neque tristis animus, neque uox irata.’

110 Credit ille nuncio tanta suggerenti, Püphenvan finds his son dead

Et accurrit proxima. morte iam pallenti: (Vita 162-6) Tunc attrectans pallium manu blandienti Suggerebat mortuo quasi dormienti.

111 Suggerebat mortuo signis et clamore, Sompno ratus obrutum nec extinctum fore. Ille uero, dormiens alio sopore, Nec respexit oculo, nec respondit ore.

112 Simul autem mortui faciem detexit, Ipso uisu territus oculos reflexit: Tam serene lucifer matutinus exit. Similem quis angelum, si fas est, aspexit?/

216va Abnegabat mortuum facies serena, Tam celesti similis quasi non terrena, Nec liquescens oculus, nec marcescens uena, Et monstrabat animam corpus absque pena.

114 Quod cum diligencius uellet intueri, A defuncto comperit scedulam teneri, Et cum uellet trahere, quasi plus arceri, Vt ab ipso minime posset extorqueri.

115 Uiso, quod non cederet mortuus uiuenti, Spes et timor irruunt curiose menti: Spes de sancto corpore prorsus iminenti, Timor ex insolito genere portenti.

108/3 Dominica: sc. die. corpus Christi uerum: the Eucharist. 110/1 sugge- renti: ‘relating.’ 110/4 Suggerebat: ‘he spoke.’ 1412/1 Simul = simul ac.

112/3-4 'So serenely does the Morning Star come forth. Who has seen an angel like him (if it [seeing an angel] is allowed)?' Cf. Eccli 50:6, Vita S. Brandani 256/2. 114/2 scedulam: ‘leaflet, billet, page.’ 115/1 Uiso, quod: ‘As he saw that’; see 42/1 and note. 115/3 ‘Hope from the holy body that was very near.’

116

117

118

119

120

216vb

122

123

124

Vita S. Alexii 116/1-124/2

Cernit, in quo timeat, cernit, in quo speret, Set in neutro stabilis, in duobus heret: Licet enim uisio certa spem foueret, Nouitas miraculi dabat, ut timeret.

Igitur ad principes euolat repente,

Et salutis gaudium — nunciat inuente, Docet, quid didicerit famulo docente, Et quid ipse uiderit oculo presente.

T ; ri Alexis’s testam Ad hec uerba principes animos erecti, à; ent is read aloud

Et, qui cum principibus aderant, prefecti, (Vita 167-9) Et de sacerdotibus aliquot electi, Et cum patre pontifex eo sunt profecti.

Vix a longe steterant corpus intuentes, Stupuere lumina, stupuere mentes. Reges ante ceteros terre procidentes, Ante corpus genua flexerant, dicentes:

‘Sancte, qui promissus es hominum saluti, Testes adde, quesumus, tue nos uirtuti! Licet enim uariis sordibus polluti,

Regni tamen principes sumus constituti. /

Quodsi diris adeo premimur peccatis, Ecce dux ecclesie, doctor honestatis, Vt qui sancta conficit manibus sacratis, Tue saltem capiat dona sanctitatis.’

Tunc accedens, cartulam presul apprehendit, Quam lectori cominus Ethio tetendit.

Nec moratus Ethius aggerem conscendit,

Et parumper sustinens ceteros suspendit.

Cum cepisset igitur medio silentum, Nomen hoc ‘Alexius’? prius est inuentum; Necdum res innotuit, donec est peruentum, Vbi nomen coniugis erat et parentum.

IC i i i : her's Hic infelix genitor, uersus in furorem, ncs Ore toruo respicit pauidum lectorem. (Vita 170-5)

121/2 dux ecclesie: the pope. 122/4 suspendit: ‘kept in suspense.’ 124/2 Ore

125

126

127

128

217ra

130

131

Vita S. Alexii 124/3-131/4

Sensum perdit animus, facies colorem, Et fatentur singuli mutuum dolorem.

Ergo dans horribilem ceteris auditum,

In amara protulit uerba cor fellitum;

Dans ad uerba singula dupplicem mugitum, Neque iam dissimulans mortis appetitum.

‘Tolle senem miserum, tolle, mors matura, üt premendo durius minus esto dura!

Si tulisti filium, patri parcitura,

Non est illud racio, neque uult Natura.

Set paterno funeri superesse natum, Illud, illud, assero, funus est beatum! Ego, uiuax animal, capud induratum, A Natura transtuli naturale fatum.

Uere mors incomoda, | uere mors immitis, Que uolentes fugiens — properas inuitis, Abstulisti filium: patrem cur dimittis? Excercendo gladium potes esse mitis?/

Heu me, quod non morior moriente nato, Immo uite munere potior ingrato!

Et tu, mi karissime, iaces in grabato, Certe dignus excipi meliori strato!

Quid iam de te faciam, mea spes, Alexi? Tanto plus te doleo, quanto plus dilexi! Heu me, qui te tociens nescius aspexi, Nec presentem filium pater intellexi! Fili mi karissime, fili mi, mi fili, Expectata requies animo senili,

Cur te palliaueras — habitu seruili,

Vt ignarum falleres fraude tam subtili?

toruo: cf. Verg. A. 3.677, Stat. Theb. 11.121. 125/1 horribilem...auditum: `a horrible sound.’ 127/3-4 ‘I, a long-lived animal, a hardened (i.e. old) individ- ual, have taken away the natural fate (i.e. death) from nature.’ 128/1-2 Cf. Maximianus Elegiae 1.115-16. 131/1-2 Cf. Tob 10:4. 131/3 te palliaueras: ‘had you disguised yourself.’

65

132

133

134

135

136

217rb

138

139

140

Vita S. Alexii 132/1-140/2

Ha quam sepe perditum te solebam queri, Et tu quamuis tacitus te sciebas queri, Immo tunc debueras uiuus exhiberi,

Non ignotus uiuere, moriens fateri.

Non timebas, fili mi, uel in hoc peccatum? Nonne patri decuit condolere natum?

Tu uidebas alacer patrem desolatum,

Et tenebas lacrimas, pectus obstinatum.

Fili, non oportuit agi tam seuere:

Nostra te calamitas poterat mouere!

Quo me uultu poteras flentem sustinere, Nec dicebas "Ego sum, pater, noli flere"?

Quid iam tuum cercius mereor aspectum, In quo nostris oculis nichil est adiectum? Nam quid ista uisio ualet ad profectum? Video non hominem, | uideo defectum.

Fili, tu promiseras, sicud est impletum, Set debebas facere — uisione letum.

Nunc de planctu ueteri nichil est deletum, Immo plangam nouiter ultra consuetum./

Ex quo te perdideram, senium deuoui, Modo plus deuoueo, quando recognoui. Si spes erat aliqua, modo spem remoui, Modo noue lacrime — gemitusque noui.

Set cum semper fleuerim, quare non consumor? Cur cum uita permanet orbitatis rumor?

Non cessabit alitus cordis iste tumor,

Et si semper oculis habundaret humor.

Haa quis addet lacrimas mee paruitati,

Vt me magis anxient luctus aggregati? Adiuuate miserum, fratres et cognati:

Maius dampnum nescio quam de morte nati!”

His mother's planctus (Vita | 76-82)

Ad hanc uocem prosilit Aglaes turbata, Senectutis immemor, sexu non tardata,

138/3 alitus: CL altus, ‘nourished from within.’

Vita S. Alexii 140/3-148/2 67

Qualis a uenantibus tigris excitata, Aut leena rugiens catulis orbata.

141 Agitergo celerem mater orba gressum, Nec etate debilem, nec labore fessum. Set nec matri facilem prebuit ingressum Multitudo, faciens corpus inaccessum.

142 At non illa segnius uolens introire, Cepit in oppositos acrius seuire: Ita, si quis alueum uelit impedire, Torrens inter obices solet ebullire.

143 Tunc in uerba prodiit furor inconsultus: Et sonabant pariter uerba, mens, et uultus. Verba non continua neque sermo cultus, Set ad uerba singula singuli singultus.

144 'O ius’ inquit ‘perditum, racio confusa: Male uestra, principes, fraude sum delusa! Ecce nunc a filio mater est exclusa,

Et uos intuemini plebe circumfusa!/

217va O me uere miseram possum confiteri, Que de domo propria uideor arceri: Instant enim principes atque turba cleri, Neque saltem filium licet intueri.

146 © si culpa principum posset accusari! A me quippe debuit luctus inchoari: Matris est de filio flere uel letari, Vestrum pone plangere siue consolari.

147 Si non ante licuit viui nosse uultum, Cur non saltem liceat pene iam sepultum? En, quod patet omnibus, nobis est occultum, Nobis et de proprio minus est indultum.

148 Date, queso, principes, illuc transmeare! Non sit uestrum propriis aliquem fraudare!

140/3-4 Cf. Verg. G. 3.245—9, Ov. Mer. 13.547. 142/3-4 Cf. Ov. Met. 3.566-71, Rem. 651. 146/4 pone: ‘later, afterwards.’

149

150

151

152

217vb

154

155

156

Vita S. Alexii 148/3-156/4

Vos ad ista debuit mater inuitare, Cui de nato contigit dampnum singulare.

Et tu, coniux perfide, quid fles absque pari? Nonne saltem debuit mater expectari?

Te communes arguo lacrimas furari,

Quia plangis absque me luctu singulari.’

Cum stuperent igitur ad clamorem tantum, Hinc et inde substitit turba circumstantum. Illa uero procidens ante corpus sanctum, Est in talem denuo resoluta planctum:

‘Flete, quibus pignorum dulcis est affectus! Ille quondam nobilis, ecce iam deiectus,

Quem sublatum iuuenem reddidit senectus, Viuens hospes, moriens noster est effectus.

Filium susceperam munere diuino, Et letabar maxime sexu masculino. Ecce nunc de filii mesta morticino, Odi, quod non fuerim sterilis omnino./

Ecce quanta gratia fructus primitiui,

Quem diuine gratie dono parturiui:

Membra, que, dum uiuerent, tangere nequiui, Morientis habeo, non concessa uiui.

O manerem sterilis: dedecus beatum! Sterili non accidet habuisse natum, Vnde, si non habuit, neque flet ablatum; Orba cum perdiderit, nollet esse datum.

Si qua manes sterilis, | scias hoc prodesse, Ne tabescas tedio prolis inconcessé: Pariens tunc incipis propria non esse,

Et quod ante liberum, transit ad necesse.

Parum quidem preuales sorte dignitatis, Set non tanget sterilem luctus orbitatis. Mater aut uiuacior fiet orba natis,

Aut relinquit orphanos, si prerepta fatis.

149/1 absque pari: ‘without your wife.’ 156/3 “The more lively (i.e. long-

Vita S. Alexii 157/1-164/4 69

157 In peccatis concipit, parit in tormento, Nutrit in laboribus, perdit in momento, Ita spes leticie cadit in lamento, Inprobata callide mortis argumento.

158 Ego sane filii mater in pressura, Ego tarde peperi, cito perditura. Non suffecit filio parentalis cura, Nisi dum cohercuit etas immatura.

159 Que plus habet tedii, plus me iuuit etas, Non que matres efficit de labore letas: Paruus enim coluit domos assuetas, Quem iuuentus docuit non seruare metas.

160 Puerabinfancie loris est retentus, Non est autem iuuenis patria contentus, Tenuit infantia, rapuit iuuentus, Set non qualis exiit, talis est inuentus.’ /

218ra Sic se planctu querulo mater affligebat, Cor dolore, lacrimis uultus affluebat; Et prostrata genibus, iterum surgebat, Iterumque procidens, iterum dicebat:

162 ‘Heu me, cur se fecerat nobis alienum, Nec parentum filius est misertus senum? Veniens in propria, fassus est egenum, Gloriose sustinens dedecus terrenum.

163 O res mira (nequeo satis obstupere): Quare seruis uoluit seruus apparere? Probra serui domino gratis intulere, Nec in iram progredi semel impulere.

164 O si nunc deficerem morte tempestiua! Veni, mors, et miseram tali morte priua! Semper enim morior, quamuis semper uiua, Dum me semper anxiant luctus incentiua!’

lived) mother will lose her children’ (she will outlive them). 157/1-2 Cf. Gen 3:16. 159/1 etas: childhood. 162/3 ‘Coming home, he professed

himself to be a beggar. Veniens in propria: cf. lo 1:11. 63/3 domino: sc. Alexio.

166

167

168

169

218rb

170

171

172

173

Vita S. Alexii 165/1-173/2

Necdum mater clauserat tali uerba fine, His bride's Etiam nurus aderat dissoluto crine, - Tunis Clamans extra modulum uocis feminine,

Neque luctu dispari similis ruine.

Tunc pudorem carcerans, frena soluit ire, Et (ne ‘loqui’ dixerim) cepit insanire. Verba quemuis impium poterant mollire, Neque siccis oculis aures introire.

‘Coniux’ ait 'optime, quare sic fecisti? Quare, quam desereres, coniugem duxisti? Ex quo te iugalibus loris addixisti,

Erat, ut perficeres, sicut incepisti!

Ecce quam legitime, quam prudenter actum, Dissoluisti nupcias, coniugale pactum;

Et te quamuis estimem celsiora nactum, Pene penis applico tam crudele factum.

Perstitisses apcius — inchoate rei,

Vel ne legem solueres, uel misertus mei,/ Legem quippe noueras et preceptum Dei: “Vir coniunctus femine sit adherens ei!”

O virilis actio, facinus preclarum! Accepisti coniugem, set curasti parum, Quam secundam redderes die nupciarum, Sicut unam proprie socrus ancillarum.

Ad exemplum turturis socio fraudate Adhuc in solempniis facta sum priuate, Seruans in legitima thorum castitate, Si uocatur castitas tenor illibate.

Et quid habes premii, continens, marite? (Set quid inquam misera? — Loquar imperite?) Castitatis premium longitudo uite,

Et per transitoria manens infinite.

Tibi sane finis est salus infinita,

Michi luctus imminet ex utraque uita:

167/4 Erat: ‘it was your duty.’ 1694 See Gen 2:24.

Vita S. Alexii 173/3-180/4 71

Hic amisso coniuge male sum punita, Ibi quid recipiet continens inuita?

174 Settuebar hactenus caueam deserti, Et sperabam reditum paciens incerti. Ecce firmat perditum — uisio reperti, Nec dolebam grauius isse quam reuerti.

175 Quid expectem gaudii, uirgo iam uieta? Dies eat flebilis et nox inquieta, Nec dolorem temperet suggerendo leta Aut alterna requies, aut finalis meta!’

176 Tunc amictus pontifex stola presulari, diis a ubi aes in the church of

Cum uideret omnium uultus inclinari, Saint Boniface Iussit in ceruicibus feretrum leuari, (Vita 187-97) Et tunc demum populo gesta nunciari.

177 Ibi tanta patuit gratia signorum, Vt quecumque pelleret genera morborum: Nam qui uel incredulus tetigisset thorum, Roborabat animam sanitas membrorum./

218va Sic neruorum penitus ope destitutis Reddebatur habitus — pristine salutis, Aura non uidentibus, et loquela mutis, Et de morbo quolibet summa spes salutis.

179 Qua signorum principes laude iocundati, Facti sunt participes oneris beati; Nec gerentes regie morem dignitati, Ipsi ferre feretrum non sunt indignati.

180 Cumque multa cernerent plebe se teneri, Es iussere plurimum terre commisceri, Vt, dum semper auida plebs uacaret eri, Posset expedicius feretrum moueri.

173/3 Hic: ‘here on earth.” 173/4 Ibi: ‘there in Heaven.’ 174/1 caueam: possibly ‘bed,’ but more probably ‘chest,’ referring to the box containing the wedding presents (see 34/1). 175/3-4 ‘Let neither sleep, bringing joyful things, nor death mitigate my pains’; cf. Ov. Ep. 4.89, Vita S. Thome 43/1. 178/3 aura: metonymically ‘bright light, daylight’; cf. Verg. A. 6.204 etc.

72 Vita S. Alexii 181/1-186/4

181 Set urgente latera populo frequenti, Qui uolebant celeres, abiere lenti, Nichil enim proderat era dispergenti, Vt moueret aliquem species argenti.

182 Tamen ad ecclesiam demum peruenitur: Assunt cementarii, marmor expolitur, Cuius superficies auro bis uestitur,

Aurum quoque desuper gemmis insignitur.

183 Die mensis Iulii septimo post denum, Cum de more soluerent carni ius terrenum, Tumba quiddam protulit naribus amenum, Tamquam pigmentario uas odore plenum.

184 Quo refectus pontifex et collaudans Deum, Hunc indixit populo diem iubeleum; Quiddam sane sentiens intra mausoleum, Quo nec mirra dulcior, neque thus Sabeum.

185 Qua per omnes populos Fama discurrente, Quisquis a periculo pressus ingruente, Si deuotus uenerat et sincera mente, Merebatur gratiam Christo largiente. /

218vb Insistamus igitur laudibus canoris! Epilogue Reddet equus arbiter premium laboris, Qui nunc omnes amouens nebulas erroris, Nos in sui protegat laude confessoris!

Amen. Explicit de Alexio.

181/2 uolebant: sc. ire. 184/2 diem iubeleum: cf. Lev 25:10. 184/4 thus Sabeum: cf. Verg. G. 1.57. 185/1 Cf. the description of the goddess Fama

in Verg. A. 4.173-88, Lucan 4.574. 186/2 arbiter: God. 186/3 nebulas erroris: cf. Juv. 10.3-4.

47rb

VITA S. THOME Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS. Reg. lat. 344, fols 47rb-50rb

INCIPIT RIDMUS DE SANCTO THOMA. Anima karissimi patris, pax et homo, a Quos amplector intimi pectoris in domo,

Vestris uobis precibus noua quedam promo

Nouis de insingnibus factis Tome thomo.

Hec legentes lateat, quis sim, qui hec seui, Flatus uerens Zoili, notam hanc deleui: Tempora uolubilis dum uoluuntur eui, Exhauriri pharetra nequit huius Neui.

Ne tamen mellificem usibus fucorum: Nominant me .G. et .S., medium dent horum! Edidit me Farre rus circa castri forum, Totum cibus solum est, ubi sto locorum.

Remum rudem aucupans si quis iacit rete, Vestri uos protegite studium poete!

Et si Remus rudis est, si non nat facete, Veri uia uehitur. — Viuite, ualete!

1/1 Anima: vocative. 1/4 thomo: from tomus ‘a small book, booklet.’

2/1 seui: ‘sowed’ (from sero), i.e. ‘wrote.’ 2/2 Zoili: a jealous critic; cf.

Ov. Rem. 365-6. 2/3 Cf. Hor. Ep. 1.2.42-3, Ov. Am. 1.8.49, Otto 530.

2/4 pharetra: possible allusion to Ps 10:3. Neui: the acerbic Roman poet Gnaeus Naevius; cf. Gel. 1.24.1-2, 3.3.15, 7.8.4-5. 3/1 Isid. Etym. 12.8.3: ‘Fugus est maior ape, scabrone minor. Dictus autem fugus quod alienos labores edat, quasi fagus; depascitur enim quod non laboravit. De quo Vergilius (Georg. 4.168): Ignavum fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent.' Anthologia Latina, ... L1; Carmina in codicibus scripta, ed. A. Riese, 2nd ed. (Leipzig 1894, repr. Amsterdam 1964) 257 (Vergil is speaking): 'Hos ego versiculos feci. tulit alter honorem. / Sic vos non vobis mellificatis apes.” 3/2 .G. et .S.: G(alteru)s. 3/3 Farre rus: probably Fére-en-Tardenois (Dép. Aisne), a small town in France (Champagne) halfway between Chátillon-sur-Marne (castri forum ?) and Soissons. 3/4 ‘The whole country, where I stand, is food.’ 4/ ‘If some- one hunts an uncouth Remus (= inhabitant of Reims or oar/oarsman) and casts a net, then protect the efforts of your poet! And even if the Remus is uncouth or does not swim (i.e. write) wittily, he proceeds on the way of truth. ...’

74

5 47va

10

Vita S. Thome 5/1-10/2

Ante kaos, iurgium indigeste molis,/ Introduction Adhuc Yle grauida fetu magne prolis,

Nondum orto lumine lune atque solis,

Nec discretis aere, terra, mari, polis,

In Noy, inserie rerum mundanarum, Prouide disposuit dator graciarum,

Sub pressura grauium onere curarum,

Post laborem requiem, dulce post amarum.

Seth Abel lugentibus est leuamen datus, Raptus Enoc requie curas est solatus, Post Vr, post Kaldeicos exul cruciatus, Abram in spe seminis stellis est equatus.

Post Agar ludibrium Sare natus datur,

Post lippam ad libitum Iacob uxoratur, Ioseph luens somnium, male dum tractatur, Post malorum cumulum orbi principatur.

Pressis lacob filiis iugo Pharaonis

Patria promissa est repromissionis.

Multus in periculis magor est in donis

Nati regis pater rex, Dauid Salamonis.

Iob in dampnis unicus, uas abiectionis,

Post *ue' carmen cecinit, duplis auctus bonis.

Qui nos aquis gratie lauit a peccatis, Palmis, costa, pedibus in cruce foratis

5/1—3 Cf. Ov. Met. 1.5-9, Bernardus Silvestris Cosmographia (ed. P. Dronke [Leiden 1978]) 1.1.18-19, 23-9 (1.2.4-6). 5/2 Yle: a female allegorical figure (Gr. Udy ‘prime matter’) in Bernard. Silv. Cosm. | 5/3-4 See Gen 1:1-10. 6/1 Noy: the divine mind (Gr. voüc ‘mind, perception’), another female allegorical figure in Bernard. Silv. Cosm. 6/2-4 ‘The giver of graces providently arranged, under the pressure of cares heavy in weight, rest after labour, sweet after bitter.’ Cf. Gen 2:2-3. 7/1 Seth Abel: Gen 4:25-6 (Gen 5:3). 7/2 Enoc: Gen 5: 23-4. 7/3 Vr, Kaldeicos: Gen 11:31. 7/4 Abram: Gen 13:16, 15:5. 8/1 Agar, Sare: Gen 16, 21:1-8. 8/2 lacob: Gen 29:16- 30. 8/3-4 loseph: Gen 37:7-9, 41:40-4. 9/1-2 Ex 3:7-10. 93-4 David commanded Solomon to build the temple and gave him the necessary money (1 Par 28-9). 9/5-6 lob 42:10. uas abiectionis: in contrast to Act 9:15 ‘uas electionis.’ ‘ve’: used as noun. 10/1 Qui: sc. Christus.

11

12

13

14

Vita S. Thome 10/3-14/4 75

Rengno nos restituit; set hiis prelibatis Piscem assum leditis, si mel prenotatis. Sermo est Gregorii, | uox moralitatis:

‘Preit calix culmina, crux spem magestatis.’

Culmina per calicis meruit amara

Thomas meta martiris obrutus in ara.

Nox in lucem claruit, lux tam clara rara, Parens noui gaudii contra spem fit [fit] Sara.

‘Ve’ et carmen pretuli, uolo ‘ue’ preire, Vicem sequi carminis carmen uicis dire; Sequor morem comici (scio uos hunc scire): Prius ‘ue’ et tristia, post ‘euax’ et lire!

The council of

Iam in naui mistica Thomas nauta bimus, Northampton

Quam iactabant flumina, | quam premebat limus, Cuius clamor: ‘Domine, salua nos, perimus" Reos premens, reis fit fetor, fex, et fimus.

Zelo domus Domini zeli dux accensus, Iuris est funiculo iura Dei mensus; Hinc offensus furor est, institit offensus Vt uel iustus defluat | uel ruat intensus.

10/4 ‘You despise the baked fish when you prefer the honey’; cf. Luc 24: 41-3. 105-6 Gregory the Great In euangelia homiliae 27.4 (PL 76:1206 C-D). 11/4 Gen 21:1-8. 12/12 ‘At the beginning I have placed “woe and lamentation” (see Ez 2:9); I wish “woe” to precede, (I want) the alterna- tion of a (happy) song to follow a song of dire fortune.’ 12/3-4 Cf. the medieval definition of comedy, e.g. Accessus Lucani 102-4 (in Accessus ad auctores, ed. R. B.C. Huygens [Leiden 1970] p. 43): ‘(...differt [ergo trage- dia] a comedia, quia comos est vicus, ode carmen: inde comedia, quia mediocres habet personas, flebile principium, letum finem).' See 125/1-2. 12/3 hunc: sc. morem. 12/4 lire: metonymically ‘joy’; cf. Vita S. Brandani 132/4. 13-20 See Edward Grim 38-48 (Materials II, 390-9), William Fitz Stephen 38-60 (Materials III, 49-69). 13/1 naui mistica: the allegorical ship of the church. nauta bimus: in 1164 Becket had been archbishop of Canterbury for two years. 13/3 Mt 8:25 (Mc 4:38). 14/1 Zelo domus Domini: cf. Ps 68:10 (lo 2:17). zeli dux: Becket. 14/2 luris ...funiculo: cf. Ps 77:54 (Zach 2:1-2). 14/3 furor: Henry II. 14/3-4 intensus = intentus: 'the king, offended, insisted that the just man either decline or fall, having been laid low.’ The adjectives refer to Becket.

76

15

47vb

17

18

19

20

21

Vita S. Thome 15/1-21/2

Rus Hamonis dicitur mansio regalis,

Plaga rus congnominat | septentrionalis. Struxit hic consilium concio feralis,

Hic cum christo Domini fit conflictus talis./

Rixis, probris, minis est publice pulsatus, Mitem furor impetit, ut Iesum Pilatus: Non tacet, non titubat, non est immutatus, Non est ante Baalim timide curuatus.

Cum Nabot legitime mente stabilita ‘Perdam’ ait ‘potius uineam cum uita, Quam in ortum olerum sit me dante trita" Et tutando uineam stat armatus ita.

Cum Iob patiencia membris loricatis, Scutum sibi pretulit bone uoluntatis. Munit illum lancea longanimitatis, Cassis spei, gladius uerbi ueritatis.

Armis fidit talibus, ut pre feris leo; Nil leonis tumidi, leuum nil in eo, Solum id conaminis in hoc Nazareo: Mori siue uiuere non offenso Deo.

Stat in petra firmiter firmi fundamenti,

Infirmare nequit hunc fluctus uis uel uenti.

Deest pallor uultui, deest timor menti,

Danieli comes est fera non timenti.

Becket escapes from

Northampton and leaves England

Vtin agnum irruant lupi circumfusi, Tractant de legifero, legibus abusi.

15/1-2 Rus Hamonis...septentrionalis: *North-Hampton,' where the council was held in October 1164. mansio regalis: the royal castle. 15/3 consilium: CL concilium. 15/4 christo Domini: ‘the anointed of the Lord’ (Ps 2:2 etc.). 16/2 ut lesum Pilatus: see Mt 27:11-26 (Mc 15:1-15, Lc 23:1-12).

16/4 ante Baalim...curuatus: cf. 3 Reg 19:18, Rom 11:4. 17/ Ahab tried to seize Naboth's vineyard (3 Reg 21:1-16). 18/ The arms of faith; cf. Iob 7:1, Ps 5:13, Sap 5:18-21, Eph 6:14—17, I Thess 5:8, Vita S. Alexii 67/1.

19/1 leo: cf. Apoc 5:5. 19/3 Nazareo: see note to Vita S. Brandani 312/1. 20/1-2 Cf. Mt 7:24-5. 20/4 On Daniel in the lion's den see Dan 6.

21-6 See Edward Grim 49 (Materials Il, 399—400), William Fitz Stephen 61

22

23

25

26

Vita S. Thome 21/3-26/4 77

Set nox patrem liberat, tutrix interclusi: Et uenantur aerem, uana spe delusi.

Ne aumentet scandalum maior angaria, Se consulte transtulit fuge, fultus uia, Implens euangelium et precepta Dia, Et furori regio cedens cum Helia.

Sic Saulis lanceam fugit manufortis,

Sic Iacob iniurias — auidi consortis,

Sic a fera pessima, puer mangne sortis, Tu, Ioseph, ereptus es, | auctus mora mortis.

Exit lucis angelus ex Anglorum metis, Iura sanctuarii linquens trapezetis, Lupis oues, medicis egros indiscretis, Fracte ratis regimen flatibus et fretis.

Ad hunc lucis exitum cessit uite uena; Ad rapinas Sathanas lupis laxat frena. Oues et ouilia duplex premit pena:

Iugo subdens seruitus et uorax crumena.

Sanctum datur canibus, scurris dominatus In censura canonum, in re presulatus; Est cum sanctuario clerus confiscatus; Confiscatis omnibus Bel non est pacatus.

(Materials III, 69770). 21/3 nox: Becket left Northampton at night and went to France. 21/4 uenantur aerem: see Otto 26-8 for similar proverbs. uana spe delusi: cf. Verg. A. 1.351-2. 22/1 aumentet: CL augmentet.

22/4 Elijah fled from the threat of Jezebel, Ahab's queen (3 Reg 19:3).

23/1 Saul tried to kill David with a spear (1 Sam 18:10-11). manufortis: David; cf. Hier. Liber interpretationis Hebraicorum nominum (CCSL 72:103): ‘Dauid fortis manu siue desiderabilis. 23/2 auidi consortis: Laban (Gen 29- 31). 23/3-4 See Gen 37:33. auctus: cf. the etymology given by Isid. Erym. 7.7.17: ‘loseph ab eo, quod sibi alium addi mater optaverat, vocavit augmen- tum.’ 24/1 lucis angelus: cf. 2 Cor 11:14. 24/2 Jesus cast the money- changers (trapezetis) out of the temple (Mt 21:12-13 [Me 11: 15-17, Le 19: 45-6]). 24/3 Lupis oues: cf. Mt 10:16 (Lc 10:3), 7:15. 25/3-4 Cf. lo 10: 1-16. 26/1 Mt 7:6. scurris: e.g. Ranulf de Broc, a layman and enemy of Becket, who was charged by the king with the administration of the diocese of Canterbury after Becket's flight. 26/4 Bel: the idol mentioned in Dan 14:1-21, an allusion to Henry II.

78 27

48ra

29

30

31

32

33

Vita S. Thome 27/1-33/2

The king banishes Becket's family and friends

Addit scelus sceleri furor effrenatus: Suos iubet eici, nulli miseratus. Exulat cum lectulo languidus sublatus, Anu cum edentula puer recens natus./

O uindicte nouitas, ^ nouus modus ire: Vectos cunis, lectulis, exules abire; Anus, egros, paruulos persequi; punire Impotes, immeritos; in eos seuire! Mirum, si impune uis, Deus, hec transire! Mirum, si tam congnita fas est te nescire!

Sic insontes abstulit filios Rachelis, In hiis Christum persequens, regis ars crudelis, Sine fuso sanguine, sine mortis telis: Hii et hii parilibus | questi sunt querelis. Becket's constancy Iob in Thoma genuit seriem malorum: during his exile

Et hic uentus turbinis, hic fraus Caldeorum, Dampnum hic familie, dampnum hic bonorum. Set sub hiis non subiit lapsum labiorum.

Hic celum non animum mutat transmarinus: Constans hic et inibi, magis et non minus Premit, quicquit inprimit furor serpentinus, In uirtute uiribus Herculis uicinus.

Crucem ferre Simoni sciens nil prodesse,

De vi uotum efficit, uelle de necesse:

Pressum palam cruciant cruces clam impresse, Palam et clam studuit crucis cultor esse.

Becket's ascetic

Rem mirandam refero, rem orroris miri. ie life in France

Sui me sic edocent: timeant mentiri!

27-9/ See Edward Grim 55 (Materials II, 404-5), William Fitz Stephen 67 (Materials III, 75-6). 29/1-2 Mt 2:16-18 (ler 31:15). 29/4 parilibus... querelis: cf. Vita S. Alexii 20/1. 30/2 (also 80/4) uentus turbinis: Ez 1:4 (lob 1:19 etc). 30/4 lapsum labiorum: cf. Eccli 25:11, 28:30 etc. 31/1 Cf. Hor. Ep. 1.11.27, Otto 285. 32/1 Simon of Cyrene bore Jesus’ cross (Mt 27: 32 [Mc 15:21, Lc 23:26]). 32/2 uelle de necesse: proverbial; cf. Otto 1217. 33-48/ See Edward Grim 66 (Materials II, 417-18), William Fitz Stephen 26-7 (Materials Il, 37-8).

34

35

36

37

38

39

40 48rb

Vita S. Thome 33/3-40/4

Premi morte iugiter fuit uita uiri: Multis morte mestius esset sic puniri.

Noctis ei requies sompnus expers more, Hausta sompni specie, preces mox in ore; Fessis fletu oculis, hoc pressus languore, Hausit hic preludia ludo grauiore.

Seruo quodam subinde solo comitante, Flagris clam affligitur, illo flagra dante; Fit in sancto carnifex carnis sacrosancte, Scutica non uirgulis equos edomante.

Libet in hac serie paululum morari,

Hanc amaritudinem dulce est profari: Sensit, que nec senciunt plures neque rari, Nec sic solent indui, nec sic flagellari.

Explens in canonico monachum, beatus Veste se induerat vtriusque status;

Sub hiis est scilicio duplici sagatus, Aptat hoc femoribus, uestit illo latus.

Ne fallacis glorie trahat hunc ruina,

Lineis uelauerat saga scilicina;

Set dulcescunt acriter haustum mel de spina, Melle litus gladius, et uirosa uina.

Hiis nudatus omnibus, vir uirtutis tante

A ministro cinditur, scutica pulsante.

Cissa sunt flebiliter in te, pater sancte, Collum, dorsum, humeri, nates, crura, plante!

Esse studens uictima partibus hiis totis,/ Instat reus innocens precibus et uotis.

Parcit tandem artubus zelus hic zelotis

Sepe tinctis sanguine, numquam non egrotis.

34/1 expers more: ‘without delay.’ 34/4 Hausit: CL auxit. 35/3 carnifex: ie. illo in line 2. 35/4 equos: metonymically ‘his desires.’ 36/1 serie: ‘account.’ 36/3 neque rari: ‘nor even few.’ 37/3 scilicio (also 38/2 scili- cina): ‘sackcloth’ (of monks). 38/2 lineis: ‘linen’ (of clerics). 38/1 falla- cis glorie: cf. Boethius Cons. phil. 3 pr. 6.1. 38/4 Melle litus gladius: proverbial; cf. 70/4, Otto 1086. 40/4 rinctis: sc. artubus.

79

80 Vita S. Thome 40/5-46/4

Egris egre parcitur dire dono dotis, Post flagrorum ferulas sagis mox admotis.

41 Post tam leuis ponderis roseos ornatus, Mox insagiciclade loris est artatus: Applicat hoc lateri, complice braccatus, Fronde fossam, lineis tegens cruciatus.

42 Reindutis splendidis hoc honorans honus, Talis suos latuit uere latro bonus. Iugis dum hiis institit, annus fit octonus, Rarum intersticium, raro rigor pronus.

43 Ad alternam requiem monet nos poeta, Sal in sacrificiis exigit propheta, ‘Ne quid nimis’ scriptum est, queque sint discreta: Par est homicidii crux irrequieta.

44 Factus Tomas baiulus uirge pastoralis, Iugis hiis septennio perstitit in malis: Queque nox crucifera, nulla non penalis, Ab hiis nocte libera festi principalis.

45 Non obseruans sabatum, ne sit sons et reus, Vt sancta sanctificans uerus sit Ebreus; Dies fit precipuus ei iubeleus,

Et hiis uacans et ab hiis: defert ei Deus.

46 Sepe tortor intulit, sistens a flagellis: 'Homicidam fieri me, pater, compellis!’ Sepe laxo rigidus, flebili rebellis,

Ipse se dissecuit pius versipellis.

41/3 complice: ‘the companion garment’ (trousers); cf. 37/3-4. 41/4 Fronde fossam: cf. Prudentius Psychomachia 257-66. 42/2 latro bonus: Lc 23:40-3. 42/3 octonus = octauus. 42/4 pronus: ‘relenting.’ 43/1 Cf. Ov. Ep. 4.89, Vita S. Alexii 175/3-4. 43/2 Sal in sacrificiis: Lev 2:13. 43/3 Ne quid nimis: cf. Ter. Andr. 61 (Heaut. 519), Otto 1229. 45/ ‘Lest he be accused and guilty of not observing the Sabbath, ... Sunday (dies precipuus) becomes a jubilee for him (cf. Lev 25:10), free for these (sancta, line 2) and from them (sabatum, line 1, or the torments mentioned in 44/3). God defers to him.' Does this mean that he spared himself on Sundays?

Vita S. Thome 47/1-54/2 81

47 Siueraces sui sunt assertores horum, Vera est, quam refero, series rigorum: Vere rei seriem, vere rem malorum Longe pinxi parcius quam uox assertorum.

48 Mira sub hiis parcitas potus atque cibi, Set uox uetat uaria testium id scribi. Ne nil tamen exequar: se furando sibi Turbis iunxit heremum, stans hic, degens ibi.

49 Ad uos loquor, presules, cardinales viri, . Pecans: Satirical attack on

Quibus pena corporis mollibus uestiri, tho dobasemental Sompnus longus, balneis sepe deliniri; the higher clergy Hunc singnatis merito meritis deliri.

50 Vini tot deluuia, tot masse ciborum, Ventres cibis grauidi, colla bubalorum, Merito uos meritis equant confessorum: Confessorum talium regnum est celorum!

51 Sancta superfluitas, carnem qua curatis, Probat hunc cruciferum parem insensatis. Set si nephas reum est, fas res equitatis: Sapuit, desipitis; preit, retro statis.

52 Virtus culmen contulit tempore priori, Non humana gratia, neque iura fori;/ 48va Honor erat honeri culminis rectori, Situs munde uiuere, carnis crux honori.

53 Nunc nouata tempora nouum habent statum: Virtus expers pellitur, pompa fert primatum, Merces nouant graduum fora dignitatum, Genu flectit sanctitas, presidet peccatum.

54 Affligebant presules temporis prioris Labor, uictus, habitus nimii rigoris;

47/2 series: “account.” 48/4 Turbis iunxit heremum: cf. Vita S. Brandani 19/ 2-4. 49/2 Mt 11:8. 49/4 ‘You rightly mark him (Becket) with the merits of a fool’ 50/1 deluuia: CL diluuia. 50/4 regnum...celorum: biblical (Mt 4:17 etc.). 52/4 Cf. Vita S. Brandani 18/1. 53/3 graduum: ‘ecclesiastical ranks.’

82

55

56

57

58

59

60

Vita S. Thome 54/3-60/4

Mortales angelici fecerant nitoris Nitens mens interius, situs rigens foris.

Eui nostri presules lex hec ornat morum: Mense sumptus splendidus, habitus procorum, Votum opes sciciens, labor institorum.

O quam egra sanctitas talium sanctorum!

Erat cura presulum temporum priorum Niti situ sobrio, salus subditorum.

Erat erga subditos pius rigor horum,

Dum stetit, dum institit, nil hic indecorum.

Eui nostri presules urit Eue cura; Burse, mense, lateris eis cura, iura. Inest eis ouium cura satis dura, Diffluens remissio, crux sine mensura.

Cathedram nunc Moysi regunt impostores, Mense, uane glorie, mammone cultores; Parcunt ad paralisim — uerbere tortores,

Vsu uite deuii, ductu diductores.

O quam sensit obuia talibus uir talis! Thome tam pompaticis uita tam penalis! Eius cesset emulus insultare malis: Diem probat uespera, decus dos finalis!

Longo tractu temporis te spirante, Thoma, Nausiam terrigenis, superis aroma, Egrum deflens filium, egra mater Roma Sedit ueste lugubris et inculta coma.

55/3 sciciens: CL sitiens. 57/2 lateris: ‘their followers’ or ‘their girlfriends’

(latus may even mean the male genitalia; see J. N. Adams, The Latin Sexual Vocabulary [London 1982] p. 49). 57/4 "A facile remission of sins (i.e. not insisting on repentance) generating eternal torment.’ 58/1 Mt 232: ‘Super cathedram Moysi sederunt scribae.' 58/2 Allusion to the three principal vices: gluttony, vainglory, avarice. 58/3-4 ‘The tormentors spare the rod to the point of sloth (Prov 13:24), devious in their way of life, misleaders in their guidance.' 59/2 ‘So penal a life of Thomas (felt the opposite) to such pomposities.' 59/4 Proverbial; cf. Otto 1881 (1756), Vita S. Brandani 34/4.

Vita S. Thome 61/1-67/4 83

61 Cum Edom indomito Iacob flens conuictum, Becket's Pacem monet mutuam, increpat conflictum; adversarles Edom prece, monitis, minis non deuictum Vinxit equo largius matris maledictum.

62 Vincla nil reueriti, cor indurauere Pharaonis fraudibus, legibus Megere; Aspides de apibus, de tirannis fere, Tetros in teterrimos mores mutauere.

63 Nati patrem abdicant (o nephandum morem!), Opem egri, preuium deuii ductorem. Grex pastoris dedecus spondens et angorem, Iuramento celebri firmat hunc furorem.

64 Profanatur pubblice celitum germanus, Vir famosus fama fit iudice prophanus, Fit in fama proditor, exlex, publicanus: Exlex mecum talis sit quisque christianus!

65 Ipsi ceci principes, cecorum ductores, In hanc secum foueam merserant minores;/ 48vb De piis apostatas creant impostores, Fiunt et efficiunt etnicis peiores.

66 Sic pugnabat Canaan cum Israelita; Set sol risit nubilum, lutum margarita; Sub tam grandi grandine, sub tam trita uita Statum eius statuit urbs in monte sita.

67 Post tot zelos neta pax non de pacis colo, is gore Patrem natis reddidit et natali solo. Sacka ‘Pacem’ lingua pepigit, mens ‘Hanc’ dixit ‘nolo,’ returns Fraude peior quauis est pax referta dolo, to England

61/1 Edom: Esau (Gen 25:30), an allusion to Henry Il. Jacob: Becket. 62/1-2 Ex 7:3 etc. 62/2 Megere (also 95/3 Megera): one of the Furies. 64/1 celitum germanus: ‘a brother of the angels.’ 64/3 Fit: sc. Becket. 65/1-2 Mt 15:14; cf. Otto 277. 66/4 Cf. Mt 5:14-16. 67-72/ See Edward Grim 70-1 (Materials II, 422-6), William Fitz Stephen 105-7 (Materials III, 107-11). 67/1 neta: ‘spun, woven’ (from neo). colo: ‘distaff.’

68

69

70

71

72

73

Vita S. Thome 67/5-73/2

Cum os ‘Pacem’ resonat, et cor ‘Bella uolo’; Pax est illa picea, pacta sono solo.

Egras dat inducias latro uiatori, Sabulo uis turbinis, uis procelle flori. Lupi cum ouicula ludus est dolori: Vere lusor lupus est, qui dat ludo mori.

Sic blanditus est Ioab suo successori, Ferro manum applicans, dum os iungit ori. Sic collisit Hismael fratri iuniori,

Pietati preferens scelus et amori.

Fedus inops fidei res est plena prelis,

Inter Caym et Abel sub diuisis zelis;

Male mulcent oscula, quorum fraus sub uelis; Mala salus percuti melle litis telis!

Vt post Sirtim mittitur in Caribdim nauis, Vt laxatis laqueis inuiscatur auis,

Sic remisit exulem data pax a prauis, Miscens pene poculum sub verborum fauis.

Flatibus et fluctibus transitis tranquille, Tutum portus inpulit in latratum Scille. Nouum cahos peperit fletuum fons ille, Fletuum diluuium hec pluere stille. Senes inde, pueri, serui et ancille Lacrimarum gemitus profudere mille.

. NE ^ : The excommunicated Quidam terre malleus, ciuis Aquilonis, RER bishops plead

Oprimens opilio, legifer Neronis, before the king

68/3-4 Cf. Prudentius Peristeph. 5.17-20. 691-2 2 Sam 20:9-10.

693-4 Gen 21:9-10. 701 prelis: (from prelum) ‘difficulties, torments.’ 70/2 Caym et Abel: Gen 4. 704 Mala salus percuti: ‘it is bad luck to be hit by....' melle litis telis: cf. 38/4, Ov. Pont. 1.2.16. 71/1 Caribdim (and 72/2 Scille): proverbial; cf. Otto 382, Vita S. Brandani 80/4. 71/2 See note to 74/1. 71/4 sub uerborum fauis: cf. Otto 1084-5. 72/2 Tutum portus: proverbial; cf. Otto 1454. 73-83/ See Edward Grim 71, 75 (Materials II, 422-6, 428—30); William Fitz Stephen 118, 126 (Materials MI, 120-1, 127-8). 73/1 Cf. Ier 50:23. ciuis Aquilonis: Roger, archbishop of York, one of Becket's enemies.

74

75

76

77

49ra

78

Vita S. Thome 73/3-78/4

Greiem regens rapidi legibus predonis, Soluit venam iurgii fons sedicionis.

Auceps his in fistula, Siren in chamena, Cum suspecta bestia cornu ferens fena, Excitauit furiam, per quam iusti pena,

Per quam Angli facti sunt fabula obscena.

Hesitei belliger contra uirum sanctum Quidam de confinio balnei gigantum. Complex eis additur ex te, Trinouantum, Nouans in cognomine |. secularem cantum.

Oblatrantum numerus, vnio ter picta, Tribus mentis unio fraus et maledicta; Oppungnantes canones ligat lex districta, Inde labor canonum, inde lex aflicta.

Hii Fenenne complices, qua torquetur Anna, Ad tenorem fidei mota flatu canna,/

Intra uestes tinee, | uermes intra manna, Seequarunt senibus reis in Susanna.

Semper non crediderim esse siue fore Sensus uim sub senio, decus sub decore; Puer centenarius, senex malo more, Maledictus subditur profetantis ore.

73/3 Greiem: CL gregem. 74/1 Ps.-Cato 1.27 (Duff p. 600, Boas p. 65): ‘Fistula dulce canit, volucrem dum decipit auceps’; cf. Otto 664. Siren in chamena: ‘a Siren with her song’; cf. Otto 1657, Isid. Etym. 11.3.30.

74/2 cornu ferens fena: ‘concealing its horn (i.e. its cruelty) with hay’; cf. Hor. S. 1.4.34-5, Otto 438. 74/3 pena: sc. est, ‘by which comes the pain of the just.’ 75/1-2 Refers to Jocelin, bishop of Salisbury. balnei gigantum: Stone- henge (near Salisbury). 75/3-4 Gilbert Foliot, bishop of London. Trinouan- tum: ‘New Troy,’ i.e. London. secularem cantum: glossed ‘foliot’ in B (see the Middle English Owl and Nightingale 868). 76/3-4 ‘A strict law binds those who oppose ecclesiastical laws—thence the labour of the canons, thence the law is afflicted.' The archbishop of York, assisted by the bishops of Salisbury and London, crowned the young king Henry at Westminster (14 June 1170) in defiance of the archbishop of Canterbury's prerogative. 77/1 Fenenne, Anna: 1 Sam 1:2-7. 77/2 mota flatu canna: cf. Mt 11:7. 77/3 tinee: cf. Iob 13:28 (Is 50:9, 51:8; lac 5:2). uermes: cf. Ex 16:20. 77/4 Susanna: Dan 13. 78/3-4 Alludes to the great age of Gilbert Foliot. Puer centenarius: cf.Is 65:20.

85

86

79

80

81

82

83

84

Vita S. Thome 79/1-84/2

O quam male pascitur horum grex pastorum, Quorum error actio, dogma dux errorum! Eos iure dixerim in hac uia morum Tenebrarum angulos, portas inferorum.

Hii seuerunt semina, per que furor totus, Per que nouum in Dauid Saul est commotus. Inde plebis subdite creuit error fotus,

Inde uentus turbinis in ‘ue’ est promotus: Horum nequam animus, si sit nitro lotus,

Si sit rasus pomice, patens est et notus.

Per hos scelus ausa est militaris manus, Quo eclipsim pertulit sol meridianus, Quo in patrem filius cede fit prophanus, Quo in sacris secuit christum christianus.

Solis in solemniis, feta sole stella,

Feta castis sinibus et signata cella,

Quinta lux dum agitur, pacem turbant bella, Festum lamentatio, cantica procella.

Cum sole sol occidit, sol cognatus solis, Hiis ornandis moribus iste preest polis,

Set his rite raptus est, his prostratus dolis: Dolus quis dolosior quam in patrem prolis?

Reprobantem reprobos, debitos ruinis, The murdes

Inuasere presulem — litibus et minis

791 Cf. Ez 34:2, 8, 10. 79/3 uia morum: cf. Ps.-Cato Prol. | (Duff p. 592, Boas p. 4). 79/4 portas inferorum: cf. Office of the Dead antiphon ‘A porta inferi erue, Domine, animam meam’ (Ps 88:49, Mt 16:18). 80/2 On Saul and David see 1 Sam 18-24. 80/5 nitro lotus: cf. ler 2:22. 80/6 pomice: CL pumice. 81/1 militaris manus: referring to the four knights (see st. 85). 81/2 Cf. Mt 27:45. 81/4 secuit: "slew. 82/1-2 Common Marian metaphors for Christmas: Christ is the sol (Mal 4:2), Mary is the stella (cf. stella maris) pregnant with the Sun and signata cella (Cant 4:12, Is 39:2, Ez 44:2).

82/3 Quinta lux: the fifth day after Christmas, i.e. 29 December (1170). 84-111 See John of Salisbury ep. 305 (The Letters of John of Salisbury, ed. W.J. Millor and H.E. Butler, rev. C.N. L. Brooke, 2 vols [Oxford 1955-79]; Edward Grim 77-84, 87 (Materials II, 431—42); William Fitz Stephen 134-5. 138-43, 151 (Materials III, 132-5, 138-43, 148-9).

85

86

87

88

89

49rb

Vita S. Thome 84/3-90/2 87

Bini bis de finibus missi transmarinis. Dedit hec sors prouida nomina bis binis.

Tres sunt: Mortis-uillicus, Trax, et Ursi-natus, Vt sint tetras, tribus est Brito sociatus; Vt sint ex re nomina, reddit hos reatus Truces et mortiferos, ursos bruti status.

Ab hiis dum impetitur, petitur patronus Vtabsoluens noxios sit a bono pronus, Papa quod imposuit, ut relaxet honus: Si id mali fecerit, malis erit bonus.

In sua metropoli, sede sua tentum

Impetit hunc incitans sibilus serpentum, Set in uanum incitant, sibilant in uentum: Se commassat azimis expuens fermentum.

Rite scelus ratus est lutum deaurare, Chore, Datan, Abiron iustis innormare, Lazare, te mortuum uinclis extricare: ‘Veni foras! prius est, post exuinculare.

Canonum in serie ius est regulare

Suos sibi presules papam secundare; Nemini, quos implicat, competit laxare, Vtsiteius soluere, cuius sit ligare./

Frustra fessos milites presul dum frustratur, In .mi. de milicia .i. in .a. mutatur:

84/3 finibus...transmarinis: Normandy (Bur-le-Roi, near Bayeux), where Henry II resided in winter. 85/1-2 Etymological play on the names of the murderers: Hugh de Morville, William de Tracy, Reginald FitzUrse, and Richard le Bret. 86/2 a bono pronus = a bono alienus. 86/3 honus: CL onus, referring to the excommunication of the three bishops. 87/1 [n sua metropoli: Canterbury. 87/3 sibilant in uentum: proverbial; cf. Otto 1864. 87/4 Se commassat azimis: ‘he fills himself with pure things.’ azimis: cf. | Cor 5:7-8. 88/ Becket refuses to mitigate the bishops’ guilt or to absolve them from excommunication. 88/2 Chore, Datan, Abiron: the three rebels against Moses and Aaron, whose punishment is told in Num 16 and Deut 11:6. innor- mare: ‘to present as example, to place among the just.” 88/3-4 Io 11: 43-4. 89/2 secundare: *put in second place (to himself).' The pope directs his prelates to favour his own interests (sibi) in whatever cases are at issue. 893 impli- cat: Sc. papa. 89/4 Mt 16:19. 90/2 Wordplay on militia and malitia.

91

92

93

94

95

96

Vita S. Thome 90/3-96/4

Secum cecans populum miles malignatur, Non erit maliciis ante cedem satur.

Dum ad arma confluunt, aule mutans sedem, Cum suis subierat sanctam sanctus edem. Sub Nerone Senece nouit hic mercedem, Sub Herodis legibus noui uatis cedem, Zacarie sub Ioas cedem et heredem.

O felicem, Thoma, te qui huc tulit, pedem!

Patrem ut eriperet, fratrum grex fidelis Hostium obstruxerat fisus hiis cautelis. Obstans pater intulit: ‘Est in hiis tutelis Persequens obsequium, pietas crudelis.

Seram, fratres, pellite cura cum rebelli, Lex est hic uim perpeti, non uim ui repelli! Non in domo Domini regar lege belli,

Nec erit me preside templum arcx castelli!

Se passurum predicans lesus probra gentis, Sic errorem arguit Petri renitentis;

Thome uox hec emula uocis est sequentis: ‘Vade retro, Sathana, carnis sunt, que sentis!"

Imperat et impetrat patris uox seuera: Cedunt hostiarii, cedit pulsa sera.

Intrant canes Stigii, duce te, Megera, Hominum in specie, demones reuera.

Strictis intrant gladiis, efflant hunc furorem: ‘Hostem regni querimus, regis proditorem, Thomam temerarium, |. perfidum pastorem. Iam iam, quem est meritus, senciet merorem!’

91/1 confluunt: sc. milites. aule mutans sedem: Becket leaves the cloister and enters the cathedral. 91/3 mercedem: the martyrdom. 91/4 Mc 6:14—29. uatis: John the Baptist. 91/5 Joash killed Zechariah, heir of Jehoiada, despite his debt to the latter (2 Par 24:20-2). et heredem: *and he knew (what happened to) the heir,’ or perhaps ‘he (Becket) knew that he was their heir’ (?). 92/3-4 ‘By this precaution care becomes persecution, love cruelty.’ 93/2 Lex: cf. Mt 5:43-5. uim ui repelli: cf. Gratian Decretum 1.D.1.c.7 (PL 187:31B). 94/4Mt 16:23.

Vita S. Thome 97/1-103/2 89

97 ‘Hic sum’, aitlegifer Satane collegis, ‘Neque rengno pestifer, nec saluti regis. Tomas sum, Dominici dictus pastor gregis, Pro tutela proteri promptus sacre legis.'

98 Non a dolo dolus est talis alienus, Quo in Christum irruit cetus dolo plenus. Habet id, quod legitur, hoc loquendi genus: ‘Ego sum, quem queritis, Iesus Nazarenus!’

99 In meandi serie Iesum imitatus, Sese palam obtulit sponte propalatus: Hic est Christus obuius, hic Jude reatus, Hic a magistratibus missus grex armatus.

100 Inhiantet ineunt scelus scelerati: Membra caput lacerant, patrem necant nati; Homicide plurium (uno uiso pati): Monachi, canonici, presulis, legati.

101 Res stupenda posteris, horror hac etate: Non arcentur gladii loci sanctitate, Matrem orbant filii trucidato patre,

In matre perimitur frater a confratre!

102 In macellum area uertitur altaris, In altaris area ruit lux solaris./ 49va Quinque passus impetus ensis militaris, Tortus est Dominici prelo torcularis.

103 Vulnerum in numero formam fert Messie, Situ fert martirii formam Zacarie,

98/3-4 Io 18:4-8, cf. Vita S. Alexii 93/3. 9% Cf. the treason of Judas and the arrest of Jesus (Io 18:1-12 [Mt 26, Mc 14, Lc 22]. 99/1 In meandi serie = in curriculo uitae. |. 100/3-4 ‘They slay several persons (though only one person seems to have suffered): monk, canon, archbishop, papal legate.’ 101/3-4 Cf. the ‘Prophecy of the Eagle’: ‘Dolor in gaudium convertetur, cum matris in utero patrem trucidabunt.’ This is frequently cited in Becket litera- ture; see P. A. Thompson, ‘An Anonymous Verse Life of Thomas Becket,’ Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 20 (1985) 147-54, esp. pp 148-9. 102/3 impetus = ictus. 102/4 Is 63:2-3 (Apoc 14:19-20). 103/1 Christ had five wounds (see lo 19:34). 103/2 Mt 23:35 (Lc 11:51): ‘sanguinem Zachariae, filii Barachiae, quem occidisti inter templum et altare.'

104

105

106

107

108

109

Vita S. Thome 103/3-109/4

Thomas Thome Didimo par est fati die: Quintum habet hunc et hunc partus matris pie.

A ferarum furiis fuso iam cruore Cerebrum diffunditur inhumano more: Are uernat area candido rubore, Tamquam ortus liliis roseo cum flore.

Nato Christo iustus est propter Christum stratus, Celitus cum Stephano cum Ioanne natus, Dignus Dei gratia dingne coronatus,

Et cum innocentibus innocens litatus.

Ensem hic, tu asciam, | sancte Dionisi, Passi pena simili uerticis precisi, Pares rosas additis prato paradisi: Estis pari precio pares michi uisi!

Equat se Parisius urbs Dorobernensis,

Dum securis serium emulatur ensis, Geminum prepucium nullis par impensis!

O quam gratus crater est supernorum mensis!

Pastor dum percutitur, sparse sunt ouille: Vt se fugaliberet, fugit hic et ille.

Fletus fit in populo, clamant flentes mille: ‘Nostre meta lucis est huius mors cintille!’

Mala malis cumulat Sathane satelles:

Presulis post presulem — uellitur supelles, Thalamos et stabula uastant versipelles, Cedi iunctis spoliis uix adhuc imbelles.

103/3-4 The feast of St Thomas Didymus falls five days before Christmas (21 December), that of Becket five days after (29 December). 104/3-4 Cf. Cant 5:10. 105/2 Celitus...natus: the martyrs are born anew in Paradise. On St Stephen see Act 7:54—9; on John the Baptist see Mc 6:14—29.

105/4 innocentibus: the children slain by Herod (Mt 2:16-18); see 29/1—2. 106/1 St Dionysius (Denis), bishop of Paris, martyred 258 AD. The dying Becket commended his soul to him. 107/1 Parisius: indecl. ‘Paris,’ here dative. urbs Dorobernensis: Canterbury. 107/2 ‘When the sword emulates the seriousness of the (executioner's) axe.” 107/3 Geminum prepucium: see Rom 2:28-9. 108/1 Zach 13:7, Mt 26:31. 109/2 supelles: CL supellex. 109/4 *When they had added pillaging to murder they were not less bellicose.'

110

111

112

113

114

49vb

115

Vita S. Thome 110/1-115/4 91

Mira miris prosequor: manibus piorum Expiato mortuo more mortuorum, Vermes tot in uestibus uisi sunt sagorum, Vtsit cedes altera morsus tot tortorum.

Dicam, quid hinc sencio de hoc sacro reo: Cauda iuncta capiti se libauit Deo.

Finem dum diffinio, dum per uitam meo, Martir est, me iudice, queque pars in eo.

Criticism of

id nunc agi ; nis? Quid agis, Moyses, Deus Pharaonis Alexander Ill

Vbi uirga uigilans, crux coreptionis? Manna si superfluit, uermes interponis; Virga manne socia normam dat patronis.

Ad radicem arboris ferrum non appones, Quam terrebit tonitrus, sibilo si tones? In Offni et Finees, pie, pius non es, Heli, sine uerbere si tam reos mones!

Set in celum ponere vereor os meum, Neque reum denoto Pharaonis deum;/ Eos reos iudico deortantes eum,

Filios sanguissuge, qui sic ornant reum.

Vere, Roma, nimis es eris sitibunda, Criticism of Vorax, irreplebilis, inferus secunda. "eme ‘Non’ et ‘est’ preposterat lucri spe iocunda, Probos probat reprobos et inmunda munda.

110/1 Mira miris prosequor: cf. Vita S. Brandani 125/3. 110/3-4 Worms are usually taken as a sign of Becket's ascetic clothing. 111/2 Cauda iuncta capiti: the *tail joined to the head' (see Is 9:14—15, 19:15) seems to refer to Becket, but it is not clear why. se libauit Deo: ‘he sacrificed himself to God’; cf. Vita S. Brandani 240/2. 112/1 Deus Pharaonis: Ex 7:1: ‘Dixitque Domi- nus ad Moysen: Ecce constitui te deum Pharaonis.' The gloss ‘papa’ above Moyses in B indicates that Pope Alexander III is being addressed here. 112/3-4 See Ex 16, esp. vv 9-21. 113/1 Mt 3:10. 113/3-4 Eli the priest failed to rebuke sufficiently his sacrilegious sons Phinehas and Hophni, and accordingly they died (1 Sam 1:3, 2:12-36, 4:11). 1141 Cf. Ps 72:9.

114/2 Pharaonis deum: see 112/1 and note. 114/4 Filios sanguissuge: Prov 30:15. 115/2 inferus secunda: Rome is a second Hell; inferus is attracted

into the feminine by Roma. — 145/3 Non et est: ‘No’ and ‘yes,’ the iudicia of the papal curia.

92

116

117

118

119

120

121

Vita S. Thome 116/1-121/4

Dudum terras domuit domina terrarum, Colla premens plebium, | tribuum, linguarum; Nunc hiis colla subicit spe pecuniarum:

Eris fit idolatra dux Christicolarum.

O quam mentes hominum premit error densus, Quos obcecat taliter fallax amor census!

Eos plane cruciat dolor hinc immensus, Quibus iuris amor est, quibus uiget sensus.

Rome, si tu reus es, uis absolui? Prome Es, ut sumas ueniam, in os eius uome!

Prece sancti Nummoli perorante pro me, Si blasfemus fuero, mox placebo Rome!

Si te Roma reputat parricidam, mecum, Simonis apostate cor habentem cecum,

Fer argenti lilia, rosas auri tecum:

Hii dii sacrant reprobos, celus reddunt equum!

Minas Rome rideo, tantum hii sunt mecum, Colis, Roma, deos hos iugi uoto precum, Horum te reliquie circumflectunt secum, Nisum ut caruncula, frenis eques equum.

Res est et non fabula, rata res, non uana: Forum est uenalium curia Romana,

Reis uendit uenias, approbans uesana, Vt in foro uenditur linum siue lana.

116/2 plebium, tribuum, linguarum: Dan 7:14. 116/4 idolatra: CL idolatres; see Eph 5:5, Col 3:5. dux: Rome. 118/3 sancti Nummoli: the parodistic saint Nummus; see P. Lehmann, Die Parodie im Mittelalter, 2nd ed. (Stuttgart 1963) pp 25-57. 119/1 mecum: CL moechum. 119/2 cor habentem cecum: cf. Ex 7:3-4. Simonis apostate: Simon Magus (Act 8:9-13, 18-24). 119/3-4 Silver and gold represent the parodistic saints Albinus and Rufinus; see Lehmann, Parodie pp 25-30. 120/1 hii: sc. dei (i.e. argentum et aurum). 120/4 Nisum ut caruncula: ‘as the piece of flesh turns (i.e. attracts) the hawk’; cf. Hugh Primas carm. 7.38-9 (The Oxford Poems of Hugh Primas and the Arundel Lyrics, ed. C.J. McDonough, Toronto Medieval Latin Texts 15 [Toronto 1984]). 121/1 Cf. Otto 629. 121/4 linum siue lana: cf. Prov 31.13, Os 2:5.

122

123

124

125

50ra

127

Vita S. Thome 122/1-127/4

Insons Thomas cesus est! Roma, quid egisti Cedis in artifices? Fratres Antichristi Emunt male ueniam, peius uendidisti!

Lis est hec sub iudice ante thronum Christi.

Manus, pedes, labia si lauet Pilatus,

Per salutem Cesaris mundum se testatus,

Si per astra Lucifer iuret adiuratus,

Non hec reos expiant, non delent reatus.

Et si iurans Chaifas transit indamnatus, Non est hic a sanguine propter id mundatus.

Quod tam pii facti sunt in autores rei,

Quod rodendo mortuum necdum parcunt ei, Eos reos innuit mortis Nazarei:

Lis hec est sub iudice ante thronum Dei.

"P "ue Conclusion Morem sequens comici, malis finem pono,

Flebile principium fine claudens bono. Lira mutat elegos dulci plaudens sono, Thomas sedem carceris celso mutat throno./

Ver proscripsit hiemem, flores paruere. Cetus quem sorbuerat, uiuit Ionas uere: Nostra sentit Niniue Ionam reflorere,

‘Ve’ uertentem in 'euax, fletum in gaudere.

Ione iuncxit federa Thomas columbinus, Quem liuoris sorbuit furor beluinus;

Iam in tuto residens, Deo iam uicinus, Implet Dei laudibus terre nostre sinus.

122/2 Fratres Antichristi: probably Roger of York and Gilbert Foliot, who were reinstated in their sees only a short time after the murder (ca 1171-2). 122/4 (also 124/4) Cf. Hor. Ars 78. 123/1-2 On Pilate see Mt 27:24, cf. Vita S. Alexii 77/3. 123/3-4 Lucifer: the fallen angel (Is 14:12). 123/5-6 Chaifas: see Mt 26:3, 57-66. 124/1 autores: the bishops, the murderer, or even Henry IL (?). 124/1-3 Quod...Quod...Eos reos innuit: “The fact that... proves them to be guilty.” — 125/1—2 See note to 12/3-4. 126/2-3 lon 1-3. 127/1 columbinus: Isid. Etym. 7.8.18: ‘lonas interpretatur colum- ba, sive dolens.' 127/3 Deo iam uicinus: cf. Sap 6:20, Vita S. Brandani 2/2. 127/4 terre...sinus: cf. Ez 43:14.

93

128

129

130

131

132

133

Vita S. Thome 128/1-133/4

Iure gaudes, Anglia, tante mater prolis, Per quam tibi promicat ueri lumen solis; Edidisti filium celsiorem polis!

Felix es persecula, si hunc digne colis!

Densis plena uepribus dudum et inculta, Iam uirtutum ferax es, prece Thome fulta, Grates age, resona laudes, et exulta!

Thomas beneficia tibi confert multa! A : Posthumous Vicit Cantuaria Montem Pessulanum, miracles

Victa est Salernia, iactat se in uanum: Thomas nouus medicus, dum apponit manum, Singnans insanabilem, mox resignat sanum.

Noua uiri gratia digna recenseri:

Viuum numquam medicum mortuum mederi; Facit mors in medicis operas deleri,

Facit hunc mors medicum; meta dat augeri.

Non hec subest fisica Peonis doctrine, Neque pulsum consulit, neque uas urine. Non est opus hominum modus medicine, Medicine modus est opus uis diuine.

Thomas prelo proficit, incipit finitus, Vere uiuit mortuus singnis insingnitus. Qui dum Cantuarie miros nouat ritus, Hic fit gustu dulcium paradisi situs.

130-9/ See Edward Grim 85-8 (Materials Il, 440-3), William Fitz Stephen 154-6 (Materials III, 149-53). 130/1—2 Montpellier and Salerno were the most famous schools of medicine in the 12th century. Salernia = Salernum, or sc. urbs. 131/ ‘A new grace of the man, worthy to be recounted: a dead doctor never heals a living man; death brings it about that among doctors their efforts are extinguished. Death makes this one (Becket) a doctor; the end (death) grants him to be increased.’ 132/1 Peonis: Paeon, i.e. Apollo, the god of medicine. 132/2 Checking pulse and inspecting urine were important medical procedures. 132/3-4 ‘This kind of medicine is not the work of man, it is the work of divine power. 133/1 prelo: ‘trial, torment.’ 133/2 signis insignitus: ‘adorned by miracles.’

134

135

136

137

138

139 50rb

Vita S. Thome 134/1-139/2

Hic nouauit uetera paradisi iura, Nouus eius fluuius noua rigans rura, Hic lechitus uidue uasa poscens plura, Hic ubertas olei stat non defectura.

Hic efectu multiplex manna, celi panis, Hic emundans Naaman fluuius Iordanis, Hic ocellis Siloe salus male sanis, Lumen cecitatibus | conferens humanis.

Donum Petri datur hic claudo spem habenti, Donum dono ditius auri et argenti,

Hic dat potens ‘epheta’ loqui non loquenti, Surdus audit, effluunt morbi uirulenti.

Hic est furta detegens noui ars sophiste, Hic insanos leniens cithara salmiste.

Hic das uitam mortuis, uite dator, Christe, Hic ad Thome gloriam pellis omne triste.

Hic decensus angeli, hic est aque motus,

Hic datur salutifer aque mixte potus,

Cum insompni sompnians astans et remotus, Hic est, quo spem reformant notus et ignotus.

Scoticum ridiculum iam fit sermo ratus,/ Rome Cantuariam | equant commeatus;

134/1—2 On the rivers of Paradise see Gen 2:6, 10-14. 134/3-4 3 Reg 17:14. 135/1 manna: Ex 16. 135/2 Naaman was cured of leprosy by bathing in the Jordan (4 Reg 5:1-14). 135/3-4 On the blind man cured at Siloe see lo 9: 1-7. 136/1-2 Act 3:1-10. 136/3-4 Mc 7:32-5: ‘Et adducunt ei surdum, et mutum, ... et ait illi: Ephphetha, quod est adaperire. Et statim apertae sunt aures eius, et solutum est vinculum linguae eius, et loquebatur recte.'

136/3 loqui: *speech.' 137/2 salmiste: David, who cured Saul with the music of his harp (1 Sam 16:14-23). 138/1 lo 5:2-4. 138/2 potus: in Canterbury water was sold mixed with Becket's blood. 139 Benedict of Peterborough (Materials II, 34-6) reports a prophecy by a monk to a pilgrim returning from Jerusalem that one day Canterbury would be as common a destination of pilgrims as St Giles, St James, Rome, or Jerusalem, but it is not known why this is called ‘Scottish nonsense,” unless the monk was a Scot. 139/2 commeatus: ‘the journeys of the pilgrims.'

95

a -—

96

140

141

139/3 Jacobite: ‘pilgrim to St James.’ containing the water. 140/1 Gen 37:33; see 23/3-4,

Vita S. Thome 139/3-141/6

Est in Thoma suplice Iacobite status, Conchis hic, his uasculis remeat ornatus.

Ecce fera pessima — Ioseph ille stratus,

Ecce uita mortui, strati dominatus,

Ecce, quod submerseras, olei natatus,

Ecce, quem dampnaueras, martir est beatus!

Martir, presul, monache, flos canonicorum, Voti compos, medice, Thomas, flos Anglorum, Vitam nostram statuens pio statu morum,

Nos post uitam munere munera piorum!

Prece tua precibus annuens tuorum,

Prestet id, quod petimus, | regni Rex celorum!

EXPLICIT RITMVS.

Epilogue: Apostrophe to Becket

139/4 uasculis: the small bottles 140/3-4 ‘Look, the

oil you had submerged floats above; look, the martyr you had damned is blessed.’ 141/5 annuens: sc, Rex in line 6,

TEXTUAL NOTES

Words and letters that appear in angled brackets on pp 13, 14, 18, 23, 32, 33, 38, 44, and 46 have been supplied editorially to restore read- ings lost to MS defects, and are not recorded here. Of the emendations recorded, all unlabelled ones are editorial.

<A

Giles

Martin

Moran

Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS. Bodl. 603

London, British Library, MS. Cotton Vespasian D. ix Leipzig, Universitatsbibliothek, MS. 251

Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, MS. Reg. lat. 344

J.A. Giles, ed. Anecdota Bedae, Lanfranci, et aliorum (London 1851, repr. New York 1967) pp 114-33

E. Martin, ed. ‘Lateinische Übersetzung des altfranzósi- schen Gedichts auf S. Brandan,' Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum 16 [NF 4] (1873) 289-322

P.F. Moran, ed. Acta Sancti Brendani (Dublin 1872) pp 45-84

Beyers, Klein, Paussmeyer, Rädle, Rigg: see Acknowledgments.

Vita S. Brandani (edited from C)

18/3 25/4 26/4 34/3 48/1,2 59/4 64/2 65/2 66/3 66/4 68/2 76/4 89/2 92/3 116/2 127/2

first et C: perhaps read est

soliuagi: soliuage C, with uel i added above line consequi C: uel pro added above con

munerat: muniat C

nos C: perhaps read uos

fedent C: perhaps read fedet (suggested by Rádle) supellectilis: supellectulis C

uouit: nouit C

uir C: glossed .o.

proicis C: uel deicis added above line

Eis Martin: Euu? C

azimi Martin: azini C

cicius C: perhaps read tucius Wollin

uim Rigg: uis C

Arabs C: glossed .o.

(panem) add. Moran: victum add. Martin: missing word in margin of C but cut away in trimming

98 Textual Notes

137/2 147/3 151/1 157/1 170/4 175/3 178/2 220/4 226/4 238/1 276/3 280/1 283/4 290/1 293/1 298/2 298/4 299/2 312/5

Ouium Martin p. 322 (cf. st. 72-81, 139/3): Auium C Vultu iam: Vi sua Martin: Vu'tu a (?) C uox: mox C

aditus: exitus C (cf. st. 207/3)

Vehere C: glossed .tu.

ui uicine C: perhaps read ui diuine

Cephe C: glossed .petri.

stratus Rädle (cf. st. 232/1): status C

is C: glossed alter (?)

a mare C: amare Martin

leuis: lenis C

Duri Rigg: Diui C

stelle status C: est stellatus Martin

pluria edd.: plíua C: plurima Klein

Versa Klein: Verso C

(ut) add. Martin: om. C, without gap in MS habet: ht C

Tagi Klein: Tago C

Amen: A C, without mark of abbreviation

Vita S. Alexii (edited from C)

5/3 5/4 17/1 24/1 48/3 53/1 60/2 66/4 70/3 115/3 118/2 135/1 149/4 151/4 170/3 173/1

nolle Lp: uelle C

Sed ferire Lp: Et punire C

Partu Lp: Sartu C

Lecta Lp: Recta (?) C

putari Lp: notari C

Mater Lp, corrected from Pater: Pater C operi CLp: perhaps read opere Paussmeyer digne Lp: grande C

sit Beyers: fit C

iminenti C: perhaps read innitenti Klein principibus: princibus C, without mark of abbreviation Quid: Qui C

luctu C: perhaps read planctu

noster Lp: nrs C

secundam: scd'a C

finis Rigg: factus C

Textual Notes 99

Vita S. Thome (edited from V)

1/1 2/1

4/1

7/1

8/1

9/3 10/2 10/4 11/3 11/4 12/2 13/1 17/4 18/2 18/4 23/1 23/4

24/2 30/2 32/1 35/1 36/3 39/1 40/4 43/3 45/1 49/1 51/2 53/2 58/2 63/2 67/3 67/4 69/3 70/1

Anima Giles: A et (& B) a VB

Hec B: Nec V

sim B: sum V

rudem B: rudis V

Seth B: Seht V

datur B: datus V

est in donis B: in om. V, without gap between words costa B: costis V

leditis VB: editis Giles

lux B: nox V

noui B: moui V

uicis VB: uocis Giles

Iam B: Nam V

stat Giles: sit V

uoluntatis Giles: uoluptatis V

uerbi ueritatis Giles: bone uoluntatis V Sic saulis B: Et sic saulus V

Ioseph B: ioshep V

auctus B: autus V

trapezetis B: trapazecis V

Et VB: perhaps read Est

sciens: ciens V

Seruo version f (see Introduction n. 12): Suo BV Sensit B: Sentit V

nudatus Giles: nudatis VB

tinctis Giles: ticis V

queque Giles: qn (2 que non ?) V Non VB: Sic Giles

loquor B: loquar V

parem B: pacem V

expers B: eipers (?) V

uane glorie B: uana gloria V preuium B: premium V

pepigit B: popigit V

referta B: refecta V

collisit V: perhaps read collusit Giles fidei B: fedei V

100 Textual Notes

70/4 73/1 75/4 78/1 80/4 82/2 88/2 88/3 90/4 92/3 92/4 97/1 97/2 99/2 99/3 100/4 106/2 106/3 107/1 109/4 110/1 112/1 116/3 117/4 118/1 118/2 121/3 123/6 124/1 125/2 125/3 126/3 132/3

136/2 138/4 139/3 140/4

Mala salus Giles: Male salus (sal' V) VB ciuis B: c? V

secularem cantum V: glossed foliot in B siue B: suue V

promotus B: commotus V

sinibus Giles: finibus V

Chore B: Quore V

extricare B: extrictare V

cedem B: sedem V

tutelis B: cautelis V

obsequium B: obsequiis V

collegis B: q legis V

nec B: vt (2 vel?) V

Sese palam Giles: Se propalam Klein: Sepe palam VB Iude Giles: inde VB

presulis B: presules V

uerticis B: vertice V

prato V: uel orto (B) added above line Parisius B: Parasius V

iunctis: iuctis V, without mark of abbreviation prosequor B: persequor V

Moyses VB: glossed papa in B

colla B: colle V

quibus uiget B: quorum uiget V

si tu: situs VB

eius B: meum V

uesana V: uel profana added above line mundatus: mudatus V, without mark of abbreviation Quod B: Quid V

Flebile B: Debile V

Lira B: Liram V

ionam B: iona V

Non est opus B: Non opus est V, with opus written above Non

ditius B: cicius V

ignotus B: innotus V

suplice B: simplice V

quem Giles: quod VB

Alex.

carm. O

carm.W

Wilmart

APPENDIX

SELECTED PARALLELS WITH WALTER'S OTHER WORKS

Galteri de Castellione Alexandreis, ed. M.L. Colker (Padua 1978)

Die Gedichte Walters von Chatillon, I: Die Lieder Walters von Chatillon in der Handschrift 351 von St Omer, ed. K. Strecker (Berlin 1925) Moralisch-satirische Gedichte Walters von Chatil- lon, ed. K. Strecker (Heidelberg 1929)

*Poémes de Gautier de Chátillon dans un manuscrit de Charleville, ed. A. Wilmart, Revue Bénédictine 49 (1937) 121—69 and 322-65

Vita S. Brandani

3/1 6/ 6/3 7/1-2 15/1-3 34/1 34/2 57/3 61/1 80/4 93/1 94/2 112/1 134/4 152/2 167/1 234/4 297/2 312/4

Alex. 6.291-2

carm.W 3.1.15-22 carm.W 1.3.4—6

carm.W 3.1.9-15 carm.W 3.1.15-22 carm.W 7a.4.4

carm.O 3.4.3-4

Wilmart 15.19.2 (p. 332) Wilmart 1.14 (p. 137) Alex. 3.378—80 (5.301), carm.W 2.4.1-3 Alex. 4.322

carm.W 5.16.1

Alex. 2.148

Alex. 4.443 (3.356)

Alex. 3.327-8

carm.W 6.1.1

carm.O 17.7.4—7

carm.O 25.1.2

carm.W 2.28.4—6, 3.8.3-4

102 Appendix: Selected Parallels with Walter's Other Works

Vita S. Alexii

20/1 140/4 142/3-4 175/3-4 184/4 185/1

Alex. 6.259

Alex. 5.184

Alex. 1.87-8

Alex. 4.491-2 (7.174)

Alex. 1.415-17 (7.410), carm.W 5.9.4 Alex. 2.1-4

Vita S. Thome

2/4 4/1-3 5/1-3 30/2 38/1 43/1 49-50 58/1 67/5-6 73/1 79/1 80/4 85/12 87/2 88/2 102/4 119/3-4

carm.W 3.1.22-4 carm.O 30.1.12

Alex. 4.590-3 (4.182-4) carm.W 13.3.1

Alex. 2.533, 10.437

Alex. 4.491—2 (7.174) carm.W 9.15-16 Wilmart 15.7.1 (p. 330) Alex. 8.474-6

Alex. 7.424 (2.539, 8.338) carm.W 1.8.4—6, 8.12.1 carm.W 13.3.1

carm.W 15.2.3-4 carm.W 16.7.4

carm.W 9.12.3-4 carm.O 2.3.5-7, carm.W 14.16.3-4 carm.W 11.12

N

— Ó

18 19

TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS

Three Lives of English Saints, ed. Michael Winterbottom (1972)

The Gospel of Nicodemus, ed. H.C. Kim (1973)

Peter the Venerable: Selected Letters, ed. Janet Martin (1974)

A Thirteenth-Century Anthology of Rhetorical Poems, ed. Bruce Harbert (1975)

Two Alcuin Letter-Books, ed. Colin Chase (1975)

Three Latin Comedies, ed. Keith Bate (1976)

The Life of Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester, ed. Rodney Thomson (1977)

Boccaccio: In Defence of Poetry. Genealogiae deorum gentilium liber XIV, ed. Jeremiah Reedy (1978) Bartholomaeus Anglicus: On the Properties of Soul and Body. De proprietatibus rerum libri III et IV, ed. R. James Long (1979)

Selected Sermons of Stephen Langton, ed. Phyllis B. Roberts (1980)

Philippe de Méziéres’ Campaign for the Feast of Mary's Presentation, ed. William E. Coleman (1981)

The Canterbury Hymnal, ed. Gernot R. Wieland (1982) The Rule of St Benedict: The Abingdon Copy, ed. John Chamberlin (1982)

Robert Grosseteste: Templum Dei, ed. Joseph Goering and E.A.C. Mantello (1984)

The Oxford Poems of Hugh Primas and the Arundel Lyrics, ed. C.J. McDonough (1984)

Avitus: The Fall of Man. De spiritalis historiae gestis libri I-III, ed. Daniel J. Nodes (1985)

Nigel of Canterbury: Miracles of the Virgin Mary, in verse. Miracula sancte Dei genitricis virginis Marie, versifice, ed. Jan Ziolkowski (1986)

A Durham Book of Devotions, ed. Thomas H. Bestul (1987) Speeches from the ‘Oculus pastoralis,’ ed. Terence O. Tunberg (1990)

104 TMLTI List

20

2

—

22

23 24

25

26

27

The ‘Vulgate’ Commentary on Ovid s Man. The Creation Myth and the Story of Orpheus, ed. Frank 1. Coulson (1991)

Richard Rolle: Emendatio vitae; Orationes ad honorem nominis Ihesu, ed. Nicholas Watson (1995)

Latin Colloquies from Pre-Conquest Britain, ed. Scott Gwara (1996)

Stella clericorum, ed. Eric H. Reiter (1997)

Fra Nicola da Milano: Collationes de beata virgine, ed. M. Michele Mulchahey (1997) l

The Fables of ‘Walter of England,’ ed. Aaron E. Wright (1997) l

A Book of British Kings: 1200 BC-1399 AD, ed. A.G. Rigg (2000)

Saints’ Lives by Walter of Châtillon: Brendan, Alexis, Thomas Becket, ed. Carsten Wollin (2002)

ww

— Máá i A arina a aai a si see ceret Le Xi ita na a t Lin IR n LES ee

Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Toronto

TORONTO MEDIEVAL LATIN TEXTS General Editor A.G. Rigg

Many Medieval Latin texts are available only in expensive scholarly editions, equipped with full textual apparatus but with little or no annotation for the student; even more are out of print, avail- able only in libraries; many interesting texts are still unedited. The TMLT series is intended pri- marily to provide editions suitable for university courses and curricula, at a price within the range of most students’ resources. Editions are usually based on a single manuscript, with a minimum of textual apparatus; emendations are made only where the text fails to make sense, not in order to restore the author’s original; manuscript orthog- raphy and syntax are carefully preserved. Each volume includes an introduction, a select bibliog- raphy, annotation, and (if necessary) a glossary.

Published by the PONTIFICAL INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES

8844-477-X

0002»

y 9780888 444776

uL Wei